Algerian National Foundation for Teaching English

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

(March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. Considered the father of Behaviorism, he was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.
Considering free will to be an illusion, Skinner saw human action as dependent on consequences of previous actions, a theory he would articulate as the principle of reinforcement: If the consequences to an action are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated becomes stronger.

Skinner developed behavior analysis, especially the philosophy of radical behaviorism, and founded the experimental analysis of behavior, a school of experimental research psychology. He also used operant conditioning to strengthen behavior, considering the rate of response to be the most effective measure of response strength. To study operant conditioning, he invented the operant conditioning chamber (aka the Skinner box), and to measure rate he invented the cumulative recorder. Using these tools, he and Charles Ferster produced Skinner's most influential experimental work, outlined in their 1957 book Schedules of Reinforcement.

Skinner was a prolific author, publishing 21 books and 180 articles. He imagined the application of his ideas to the design of a human community in his 1948 utopian novel, Walden Two, while his analysis of human behavior culminated in his 1958 work, Verbal Behavior.

Skinner, John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov, are considered to be the pioneers of modern behaviorism. Accordingly, a June 2002 survey listed Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.

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Are you confused about which specialty fits you the most?

Choosing a specialty for your Master's degree depends on your interests, career goals, and strengths. Here is a brief overview to help you make an informed decision:

1- DIDACTICS: This specialty focuses on the theory and practice of teaching and learning. If you are passionate about education and want to pursue a career in teaching, curriculum development, or educational research, didactics could be a suitable choice.

2- LINGUISTICS: Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure. If you are interested in analyzing language, studying its components such as phonetics, syntax, semantics, and sociolinguistics, and exploring how languages evolve and are acquired, linguistics could be an excellent fit.

3- LITERATURE & CIVILIZATION: This specialty involves studying literature and the cultural aspects of different civilizations. If you have a love for literature, enjoy analyzing literary works, and want to explore the connections between literature and society, history, or other disciplines, this could be a rewarding choice.

4- ESP (English for Specific Purposes): ESP focuses on teaching English in specialized contexts, such as business, medicine, engineering, or law. If you have a specific interest in teaching English for specific professions or industries and want to develop the necessary skills and knowledge for effective instruction in these areas, ESP might be the right option for you.

5- TRANSLATION: If you have strong language skills and a passion for facilitating communication between different languages and cultures, translation could be a suitable choice. This specialty focuses on developing translation skills, cultural competency, and familiarity with translation tools and technologies.

Consider your personal interests, career aspirations, and the skills you want to develop further. It may also be helpful to speak with professionals or professors in these fields to gain insights and guidance. Ultimately, choose the specialty that aligns with your passions and goals to ensure a fulfilling academic and professional journey.

Becoming fluent in English requires consistent effort, practice, and exposure to the language. Here are some steps you can take to improve your English fluency:

1. Set clear goals: Determine why you want to become fluent in English and set specific, achievable goals. Having a clear purpose will help you stay motivated throughout the learning process.

2. Build a strong foundation: Start with the basics of English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. There are various online resources, textbooks, and language learning apps that can assist you in learning the fundamentals.

3. Practice listening: Listen to English as much as possible. Watch movies, TV shows, and videos in English, listen to podcasts or audiobooks, and try to understand the context and meaning. This will help you improve your comprehension skills and get accustomed to natural English speech patterns.

4. Speak regularly: Practice speaking English as often as you can. Find language exchange partners or conversation groups, or consider taking part in language courses or online tutoring sessions. Speaking regularly will improve your fluency, pronunciation, and confidence in using the language.

5. Expand your vocabulary: Learn new words and phrases regularly. Use flashcards, vocabulary apps, or online resources to increase your word bank. Practice using these words in different contexts to solidify your understanding and ability to express yourself.

6. Read extensively: Read books, newspapers, articles, and blogs in English. Start with materials suited to your level and gradually challenge yourself with more complex texts. Reading will enhance your vocabulary, comprehension skills, and expose you to different writing styles.

7. Write regularly: Practice writing in English on a regular basis. Start with simple sentences and gradually progress to more complex writing tasks. You can maintain a journal, start a blog, or participate in online writing communities to receive feedback on your writing.

8. Take advantage of online resources: There are numerous websites, apps, and online courses that offer English language learning resources. Duolingo, Memrise, Babbel, and many others provide interactive exercises, language lessons, and quizzes to improve your skills.

9. Immerse yourself in the language: Surround yourself with English as much as possible. Change the language settings on your devices, listen to English music, and practice thinking in English. The more you expose yourself to the language, the quicker your fluency will develop.

10. Stay motivated and be patient: Learning a language takes time and effort, so it's important to stay motivated and patient with yourself. Celebrate your progress along the way and don't be afraid to make mistakes. Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of the language acquisition process.

Remember, becoming fluent in any language is a journey that requires dedication and consistent practice. Embrace every opportunity to use English, stay positive, and enjoy the process of learning and improving your skills.

WRITING A DISSERTATION can be a challenging but rewarding experience. Here are some general steps to help you make your dissertation:

1- CHOOSE A TOPIC:
Select a topic that interests you and is relevant to your field of study. Consult with your supervisor to make sure your topic is feasible and appropriate.

2- CONDUCT RESEARCH:
Read extensively on your topic and gather relevant data and sources. Take notes and organize your research materials.

3- DEVELOP A RESEARCH QUESTION And HYPOTHESIS:
Based on your research, develop a clear research question and hypothesis that you will address in your dissertation.

4- OUTLINE YOUR DISSERTATION:
Create a detailed outline of your dissertation, including chapters, sections, and subsections. This will serve as a roadmap for your writing and help you stay organized.

5- WRITE A DRAFT:
Begin writing your dissertation, following your outline and addressing your research question and hypothesis. Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner.

6- EDIT AND REVISE:
Once you have a full draft, edit and revise it thoroughly. Check for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Revise for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors.

7- GET FEEDBACK:
Share your draft with your supervisor, colleagues, or friends for feedback. Incorporate constructive criticism to improve your dissertation.

8- FORMAT AND FINALIZE:
Format your dissertation according to the guidelines of your institution. Make sure your references and citations are accurate and consistent. Finalize your dissertation and submit it on time.

" ...Remember to take breaks, stay organized, and maintain a positive attitude throughout the process. Good luck!

Dr. Boukhechba Virtual English ClassroomDr. Boukhechba Virtual English Classroom Boukhechba is doing a great job by helping the students of English at all levels. We highly recommend you to follow him and interact with his videos on YouTube.

Hicham BOUKHECHBA - YouTube My name is Boukhechba Hicham, a full time lecturer at Djelfa University , Algeria. I have PhD in linguistics. Currently, I am in charge of teaching methodol...

The International Day of the Arabic Language 🌹
اليَــوم العَــالمي لِــلغة العَـربية

Happy Revolution Day. May Algeria continue to achieve great success, progress & prosperity. 🇩🇿❤️