12/10/2026
LG Development Approval Risk Changed 7 October 2026 re Climate Change by High Court in MACH decision Part SIX: ICJ Climate Change Opinion
International Court of Justice (ICJ), Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, Advisory Opinion, 23 July 2025, confirmed climate change engages binding obligations of States.
Importantly, ICJ recognised reparation could include restitution, compensation, satisfaction, with compensation potentially available for financially assessable climate-related damage where restitution is materially impossible.
ICJ opinion does not bind LG, WA or Australia, or create direct cause of action against a LG.
It is relevant to wider legal context in which LGs make decisions, recommendations; and possible future development of Australian law.
For LGs and their governing Councils, practical question remains: Does the law applicable to this particular development, subdivision, rezoning decision or recommendation require climate-related matters to be considered?
Where it does, ICJ opinion provides important international legal context supporting significance of climate change as a legal issue rather than merely a policy preference. It reinforces importance of understanding current legal consequences of climate change when making decisions.
Councils could therefore ensure that significant reports and recommendations:
• identify relevant climate issues
• identify the applicable legal framework
• explain the evidence and reasoning, and
• record how legally relevant matters were considered.
ARIC: Does Council have adequate controls, and reporting template requirements to identify and demonstrate consideration of climate-related legal risks in significant decisions and recommendations?