02/10/2026
🇷🇺🇨🇳 Embassy of Russia in China:
October 2, 2026 marks the 77th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
On October 1, 1949, in the “Declaration of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China” proclaimed from the rostrum above the gates of Tiananmen, Mao Zedong announced that the PRC intended to establish diplomatic relations with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty.
The very next day, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai, informing him that the Soviet government had decided to establish diplomatic relations with the new China and to exchange ambassadors.
The ceremony for presenting credentials by Ambassador Nikolay Roshchin, which took place two weeks later, was described in the memoirs of Academician Sergei Tikhvinsky (1918–2018), who had served in the Chinese capital – first as Consul General of the USSR in Beiping and later as an advisor to the Embassy:
“Roshchin, accompanied by senior Embassy staff dressed for the occasion in formal black diplomatic uniforms adorned with gold embroidery, swords, orders, and medals, arrived at the Small Hall of the Huairentang Palace within Zhongnanhai. All Soviet diplomats lined up, awaiting the appearance of the Chairman of the Central People’s Government of the PRC, Mao Zedong, who soon entered together with Zhou Enlai, Secretary General Lin Boqu, and Central People’s Government member Nie Rongzhen.
Stepping a few paces forward, Ambassador Nikolay Roshchin read the text of his credentials (which I immediately repeated in Chinese) and offered brief greetings to the Chinese leadership.
In response, Mao Zedong read a short statement welcoming the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union – the first foreign state to recognize the People’s Republic of China – and the PRC, assuring the ambassador that the PRC government would extend its full cooperation as he performed his duties”.
Thus, the Soviet Union became the first country in the world to recognize the new China. Seventy-seven years later, there is no question that this was a farsighted decision – one that fully served the interests of both countries, the largest neighbors, whose relations today have reached an unprecedented level.
📸 Photo Captions
1. Group photo after Soviet Ambassador Nikolay Roshchin presented credentials to Chairman Mao Zedong, Central People’s Government of the PRC, October 16, 1949 (Sergei Tikhvinsky – fourth from the left in the front row).
2. “Declaration of the Central People’s Government of the PRC,” October 1, 1949.
3. Response note from Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, October 2, 1949.
4. Presentation of credentials by Soviet Ambassador Nikolay Roshchin to Chairman Mao Zedong, Central People’s Government of the PRC, October 16, 1949.
5. Group photo after PRC Ambassador Wang Jiaxiang presented credentials to Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, November 3, 1949.
6. Newspaper clipping from Izvestia No. 235, October 5, 1949.