21/03/2026
Statement No. 1 Issued by FAO-ZAKHO Gathering, Iraq
Iraq is facing serious water challenges driven by both external and internal factors. One of the most significant issues is the reduction in water inflows from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers due to dams and water projects built by upstream countries. This problem is further intensified by climate change, which has led to higher temperatures, more frequent droughts, and reduced rainfall. As a result, water storage has declined, and water scarcity has become more severe, particularly in central and southern Iraq.
In addition, water resource management in Iraq is weakened by poor planning and limited coordination between institutions. Much of the water infrastructure—such as irrigation networks, canals, and dams—is outdated, leading to substantial water losses through leakage and evaporation. The continued reliance on inefficient traditional irrigation methods, combined with uneven water distribution and rapid population growth, has further increased pressure on available water resources.
Water quality is also deteriorating. Rivers are increasingly polluted by untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. Salinization and declining soil and water quality are major concerns, especially in agricultural areas. Moreover, the overexploitation of groundwater has caused falling water levels and worsening water quality in several regions.
To address these challenges, Iraq needs to adopt sustainable and integrated solutions. A key priority is implementing an integrated water resources management approach based on long-term scientific planning, stronger institutional coordination, and updated water laws that ensure fair and efficient use of water. Improving water-use efficiency—particularly in agriculture—is also essential, through modern irrigation technologies, reducing water losses, and promoting sustainable farming practices.
Water diplomacy is another critical component. Iraq must strengthen regional dialogue and cooperation with neighboring countries that share its water resources. Building agreements based on international water law and mutual interests can help secure fair and stable water shares while reducing the risk of future conflicts.
Establishing a unified national water data bank is equally important. Such a system would collect and update data on water availability, quality, usage, groundwater, and climate conditions. This would support better decision-making, improve transparency, enhance planning, and strengthen Iraq’s position in regional and international negotiations.
A major challenge remains the gap between planning and implementation. Many strategic studies exist, but they are not effectively applied. Therefore, it is essential to translate these plans into practical actions with clear priorities, timelines, institutional responsibilities, and performance indicators. This will ensure that strategies are implemented on the ground rather than remaining theoretical.
Finally, sustainable solutions should include diversifying water sources through wastewater reuse, rainwater harvesting, and stronger pollution control measures. Increasing public awareness, building technical capacity, and using modern technologies for monitoring and management are also vital. Together, these efforts can support sustainable water management in Iraq, enhance water security, and contribute to long-term sustainable development.
International Expert Dr. Eng. Furat Al-Faraj
Head of Water Policies and Water Security Committee
FAO–ZaKHO Gathering
21/03/2026
16/03/2026
16/03/2026