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231/2
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
Time: 2 HOURS


KCSE 2014 PREDICTION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)


231/2
BIOLOGY PAPER 1 (THEORY)
2HRS


INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, index number and the name of the school in the space provided.
• This paper consists of 2 sections A, and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A.
• In section B, answer question 6 (Compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
Section Questions Maximum Score Candidates Score
A 1
2
3
4
5 8
8
8
8
8
B 6
7
8 20
20
20
TOTAL SCORE 80



This paper consists of 10 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing

SECTION A (30 Marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the space provided

1. The diagram below is a part of a mammalian skeleton

a) Name the parts labeled A and B (2 Marks)
b) State the function of the part labelled C (1 Mark)
c) Name the type of joint formed at E (1 Mark)
d) Explain how cardiac muscles are adapted to their functions (4 Marks)
2. A student set up three thermos flasks X, Y, Z containing an equal quantity of beans. Moist germinating beans were placed in flask X; boiled beans were placed in Y and boiled beans soaked in antiseptic were placed in flask Z. Thermometers were dipped into the beans and the flasks were placed upside down by means of stands. The table below shows the thermometer readings in 00 c.
1st Day 2nd Day 3rd Day 4th Day 5th Day 6th Day 7th Day
FLASK X
FLASK Y
FLASK Z 20
20
20 21
20
20 22
21
20.5 24
22.5
20 25
26
20.5 25
28
20 25
30
20
a) Suggest the aim of the experiment (1 Mark)
b) Explain why there is no significant heat production in Z after day five (2 Marks)
c) What is the significance of flask Z? (1 Mark)
d) Why were vacuum flasks used instead of glass flasks (1 Mark)
e) Name any two environmental factors that could cause seed dormancy in seed in
flask X (2 Marks)
f) Name the processes that lead to increase in temperature in flask X (1 Mark)
3. Suppose you are asked to study the population of crabs in a pond.
a) List down the apparatus that you would need for its investigation. (2 Marks)
b) State the method of sampling used and give a reason for your choice (2 Marks)
c) What precautions should be taken when performing this investigation (2 Marks)
d) State two methods that you would use to determine what the crab in the pond
feed on. (2 Marks)
4. The diagram below shows the internal arrangement of muscles of this iris of the eyes

a) How is the pupil affected by contraction of
i) Circular muscles (1 Mark)
ii) Radial muscles (1 Mark)
b) Where are light sensitive cells located in the eye (1 Mark)
c) What is shortsightedness (1 Mark)
d) Explain why cones have a higher visual activity as compared to rods (2 Marks)
e) Which structure in the ear detects
i) Sound waves ………………………………………………. (1 Mark)
ii) Change in posture …………………………………………… (1 Mark)
5. a) Write down the base sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) that would be coded from
DNA strand shown below. ( 1 Mark)
C – A – T – G – A – G – T
………………………………………….……………………………………………….....
b) What is mutation (1 Mark)
c) Name two factors that may cause mutations (2 Marks)
d) Name two types of chromosomal mutations (2 Marks)
e) What is the significance of chiasma formation during meiotic cell division (2 Marks)



SECTION B (40 Marks)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) in the spaces provided and either of the questions 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8
6. The amount of blood flow through various parts of mammalian body was measured in cubic centimeters per minute at rest and also during different physical activities.
The results are as shown in the table below.



Blood flow in cm3 / min
Part of body At rest During light exercise During strenuous exercise
Heart muscle
Gut
Skeletal muscle
Kidney
Skin 200
1300
1100
900
400 300
1000
5050
650
1300 1050
400
23000
250
600
a) Calculate the percentage change in the blood flow through the skeletal muscle and gut when the animal was subject to strenuous exercise from rest.
i) Skeletal muscle (2 Marks)
ii) Gut (2 Marks)
b) Account for the differences in the amount of blood flow through the gut and skeletal muscle.
i) At rest (4 Marks)
ii) During strenuous exercise (3 Marks)
c) How does the heart increase blood flow to some parts of the body during strenuous exercise (2 Marks)
d) Explain the results obtained from skin
i) at rest (2 Marks)
ii) during light exercise (2 Marks
e) Name three substances that are removed from the body by kidneys (3 Marks)
7. a) What is meant by natural selection (3 Marks)
b) Explain how natural selection brings about adaptation of a species to its
environment (17 Marks)
8. a) Describe secondary thickening in flowering plants (14 Marks)
b) Describe one method which can be used to measure the average growth rate of a single leaf on a plant (6 Marks)

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