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Bayelsa State History and Archives Office, Sani Abacha Expressway, Amarata. Yenagoa, Yenagoa (2026)

05/09/2026

“THE RIVER BECOMES A HIGHWAY”

04/09/2026

THE RIVER REMEMBERS
Episode 1.

07/07/2026

Historical Artefacts of the Niger Delta: Preserving the Soul of a People

The Niger Delta is one of Africa's richest cultural regions, home to diverse ethnic groups including the Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Isoko, Ogoni, Ibibio, Efik, Kalabari, Nembe, Ogbia, and many others. Across centuries, these communities created remarkable artefacts that reflect their history, beliefs, craftsmanship, governance, and way of life.

1. Traditional Masks

Carved from wood and beautifully decorated with pigments, shells, raffia, and animal hair, traditional masks are used during festivals, initiation ceremonies, masquerade performances, and spiritual rituals. They often symbolize ancestors, deities, or mythical beings.

2. Canoes

The canoe is one of the most important artefacts of the Niger Delta. Hand-carved from massive tree trunks, it served as the primary means of transportation, fishing, trade, and warfare across the region's rivers and creeks.

3. Royal Regalia

Kings, chiefs, and traditional rulers possess ceremonial objects such as coral bead crowns, walking staffs, swords, ivory bracelets, ceremonial fans, and royal stools. These items symbolize authority, legitimacy, and the rich heritage of traditional institutions.

4. Brass and Bronze Works

Communities such as Nembe, Brass, and other coastal kingdoms produced remarkable brass objects including bells, bowls, ceremonial staffs, and ornaments. Many were influenced by centuries of trade with European merchants.

5. Pottery

Clay pots, cooking vessels, water jars, and ritual containers have been produced for generations. These handcrafted items served domestic, religious, and commercial purposes.

6. Fishing Implements

Traditional fishing gear—including woven fish traps, baskets, hooks, paddles, harpoons, nets, and wooden floats—reflects the Niger Delta's deep connection to its rivers and aquatic resources.

7. Wooden Sculptures

Master craftsmen carved statues representing ancestors, deities, warriors, and community leaders. These sculptures were used in shrines, palaces, and cultural ceremonies.

8. Drums and Musical Instruments

Talking drums, slit drums, gongs, rattles, horns, flutes, and xylophones played vital roles in communication, entertainment, festivals, and spiritual worship.

9. Traditional Textiles

Handwoven fabrics, wrappers, ceremonial garments, and intricately designed attire showcase the artistic identity of Niger Delta communities. Coral beads often complement these traditional outfits.

10. Ancient Weapons

Spears, shields, bows, arrows, machetes, and ceremonial swords were used for hunting, defense, and warfare before the colonial era.

11. Household Artefacts

Mortars, pestles, woven baskets, mats, wooden stools, calabashes, and carved utensils illustrate everyday life and indigenous craftsmanship.

12. Sacred Shrine Objects

Shrines contain carved figures, ritual vessels, staffs, bells, sacred stones, and other ceremonial objects used in traditional religious practices and ancestral worship.

Why These Artefacts Matter

These artefacts are more than historical objects—they are tangible records of the ingenuity, resilience, and identity of the Niger Delta people. They reveal how communities governed themselves, traded, worshipped, celebrated, and adapted to life in one of the world's largest wetland ecosystems.

Preserving these artefacts ensures that future generations can understand their roots, appreciate their cultural heritage, and continue the legacy of the Niger Delta's remarkable civilizations.

"When an artefact is preserved, a chapter of history survives. When it is lost, a piece of a people's identity disappears forever."

07/07/2026

WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL PAGE OF THE BAYELSA STATE HISTORY AND ARCHIVES OFFICE

Every document tells a story. Every photograph preserves a memory. Every artifact carries the voice of those who came before us.

The Bayelsa State History and Archives Office is committed to preserving, protecting, and promoting the rich history, culture, traditions, and heritage of the people of Bayelsa State for present and future generations.

This page is more than a collection of old records. It is a living archive where history comes alive. Here, you'll discover:

📜 Rare historical documents and records

🏛️ The stories behind Bayelsa's people, communities, and institutions

👑 The lives and legacies of great traditional rulers, leaders, and heroes

🌍 Cultural heritage, customs, festivals, and indigenous knowledge

📸 Historic photographs and untold stories that shaped our state

📚 Educational content for students, researchers, historians, and every lover of history

Our history is our identity. A people who preserve their past are better equipped to shape their future. Through this platform, we invite every Bayelsan, every Nigerian, and everyone interested in our heritage to join us in celebrating the journey that has made Bayelsa what it is today.

Whether you are researching, learning, reminiscing, or simply curious, this page will continually bring you authentic, enlightening, and inspiring historical content.

Follow our page. Share our stories. Preserve our heritage.

"When history is forgotten, identity is weakened. When history is preserved, a people's legacy lives forever."

Bayelsa State History and Archives Office Preserving Our Past... Inspiring Our Future.

04/07/2026

📜 THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING BAYELSA'S HISTORY: A COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

History is the memory of a people. It tells the story of our origins, our struggles, our achievements, and the values that have shaped our identity over generations. A society that preserves its history preserves its identity; a society that neglects its history risks losing its heritage.

Bayelsa State is richly blessed with a unique cultural heritage, vibrant traditions, distinguished leaders, historic communities, and remarkable contributions to the development of Nigeria. From the ancient kingdoms of the Ijaw people to the modern achievements of our sons and daughters, every chapter of our history deserves to be documented, preserved, and shared with future generations.

The Bayelsa State History and Archives Office serves as the custodian of these invaluable records. Our responsibility extends beyond storing old documents. We are committed to collecting, preserving, protecting, and making accessible historical records, photographs, maps, government documents, manuscripts, oral traditions, and other materials that reflect the journey of Bayelsa State and its people.

Archives are not merely collections of old papers. They provide evidence of our past, support research, guide policymaking, strengthen education, and ensure transparency in governance. Students, researchers, historians, journalists, and members of the public all benefit from well-preserved historical records.

However, preserving history is not the responsibility of government alone. It is a collective duty. Families are encouraged to preserve old photographs, letters, certificates, and documents. Communities should protect traditional histories, cultural artifacts, and oral accounts passed down through generations. Institutions should maintain accurate records that will serve as reliable references for years to come.

Every historical document preserved today becomes a valuable resource tomorrow. Every story recorded ensures that future generations will understand the sacrifices, resilience, and accomplishments of those who came before them.

As we continue to build a greater Bayelsa, let us also preserve the stories that define us. Our history is our identity, our heritage, and our legacy. By protecting it today, we leave behind a priceless gift for generations yet unborn.

The Bayelsa State History and Archives Office remains dedicated to safeguarding our documentary heritage while promoting historical awareness, research, and cultural preservation throughout the state.

Together, let us preserve the past, celebrate the present, and inspire the future.

Bayelsa State History and Archives Office
📍 Ijaw House, Sani Abacha Expressway, Amarata, Yenagoa.

20/06/2026

The Major Occupations and Survival Strategies of the Ijaw People in the Precolonial Era

Understanding the Environment

To understand the occupations of the Ijaw people, one must first understand their environment.

The Ijaw homeland consists largely of:

Rivers

Creeks

Mangrove swamps

Estuaries

Coastal islands

Freshwater forests

Unlike many Nigerian ethnic groups that lived on extensive farmlands, the Ijaw adapted to a water-dominated environment. Their occupations and survival strategies were therefore shaped by rivers and the sea.

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1. Fishing: The Primary Occupation

Fishing was the backbone of the precolonial Ijaw economy.

The rivers, creeks, and Atlantic coast provided abundant:

Fish

Catfish

Croakers

Tilapia

Crabs

Shrimps

Oysters

Periwinkles

Fishing Methods

The Ijaw developed sophisticated techniques including:

Canoe fishing

Fish traps

Basket traps

Hook and line fishing

Net fishing

Tidal fishing

Fishing was both a means of feeding families and a source of wealth through trade.

---

2. Canoe Building

The canoe was the most important technology in Ijaw society.

Since roads did not exist, canoes served as:

Vehicles

Fishing platforms

Trading vessels

War boats

Master craftsmen carved large canoes from giant forest trees.

Some war canoes could carry dozens of warriors and traders.

The Ijaw became famous throughout the Niger Delta for their canoe-building skills.

---

3. River and Coastal Trade

Long before European arrival, the Ijaw participated in extensive trade networks.

They exchanged:

Exports

Fish

Salt

Canoes

Palm products

Seafood

Imports

Iron tools

Cloth

Pottery

Agricultural products

Trade routes connected the Delta to inland communities and neighboring kingdoms.

---

4. Salt Production

In many coastal communities, salt production was an important occupation.

Salt was extracted from:

Sea water

Brackish water

Because salt was valuable for preserving food and seasoning meals, it became a major trade commodity.

---

5. Farming

Although fishing dominated the economy, farming was also important.

The Ijaw cultivated:

Yam

Cassava

Cocoyam

Plantain

Banana

Vegetables

Since dry land was limited, farming was often carried out on elevated areas and fertile riverbanks.

---

6. Palm Produce

Palm trees were abundant in parts of the Delta.

The Ijaw harvested:

Palm oil

Palm kernels

Palm w**e

These products were consumed locally and traded with neighboring groups.

---

7. Hunting

The forests and swamps provided:

Antelope

Bush pigs

Monkeys

Birds

Reptiles

Hunters used:

Spears

Traps

Bows and arrows

Hunting supplemented fishing and farming.

---

8. Maritime Warfare and Defense

The Ijaw developed strong naval traditions.

Because waterways served as highways, communities needed protection from:

Pirates

Rival kingdoms

Slave raiders

Many kingdoms maintained:

War canoes

Naval commanders

River defense systems

This military capability contributed to the rise of powerful states such as:

Nembe

Brass

Bonny

Kalabari

---

Survival Strategies of the Ijaw People

Adaptation to Water

The greatest survival strategy of the Ijaw was their ability to live in a difficult riverine environment.

Children learned from an early age:

Swimming

Canoeing

Fishing

Navigation

Many settlements were built close to waterways for easy access to food and transportation.

Community Cooperation

The Ijaw relied heavily on communal labor.

Villagers worked together to:

Build houses

Clear farmlands

Construct canoes

Organize fishing expeditions

Resource Diversification

Rather than depending on a single occupation, families combined:

Fishing

Farming

Trading

Hunting

This reduced the risk of famine or economic hardship.

River-Based Settlements

Communities strategically settled near:

Fishing grounds

Trade routes

Freshwater sources

This ensured long-term access to food and commerce.

---

Historical Significance

The precolonial Ijaw economy was one of the most successful river-based economies in West Africa. Through fishing, canoe building, maritime trade, farming, and naval organization, the Ijaw transformed the challenging environment of the Niger Delta into a thriving civilization. Their mastery of waterways enabled them to establish influential kingdoms, sustain large populations, and become major players in regional trade long before colonial rule reached the Delta.

In simple terms: the river was the Ijaw people's road, marketplace, food source, and defense system. Their ability to live with and benefit from the waterways was the foundation of their survival and prosperity for centuries.

18/06/2026

The Niger Delta People: A Deeper Historical Perspective

What Is the Niger Delta?

The Niger Delta is the vast wetland region formed where the River Niger divides into numerous channels before entering the Atlantic Ocean.

It is one of the largest deltas in the world and the largest in Africa, covering approximately 70,000 square kilometers of creeks, rivers, mangrove forests, freshwater swamps, and coastal islands.

The region has been inhabited for thousands of years by peoples who adapted to life on water.

---

The Earliest Inhabitants

Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that many Niger Delta communities have occupied the region for well over a thousand years.

Among these groups, the Ijaw are often regarded by historians as one of the oldest surviving ethnic groups in southern Nigeria.

The Ijaw language belongs to the Ijoid language family, which is distinct from the Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, and Cross River language groups. This uniqueness suggests a very ancient presence in the Delta.

Many scholars believe that before large-scale migrations from the hinterland, early Ijaw-speaking populations were already settled in the coastal and riverine zones.

---

The Ijaw Nation

The Ijaw people today are spread across:

Bayelsa State

Rivers State

Delta State

Ondo State

Parts of Akwa Ibom State

Major Ijaw groups include:

Nembe

Kalabari

Okrika

Ibani (Bonny)

Mein

Gbaramatu

Egbema

Apoi

Izon

Bassan

Tarakiri

Despite dialect differences, they share common cultural traditions, ancestry, and historical experiences.

---

Ancient Kingdoms and Civilizations

Long before European contact, the Niger Delta contained organized kingdoms and trading states.

Nembe Kingdom

A powerful kingdom in present-day Bayelsa that became a major commercial and political center.

Brass Kingdom

One of the most influential trading kingdoms on the Atlantic coast.

Bonny Kingdom

An important maritime kingdom that became a major trading power.

Kalabari Kingdom

Known for diplomacy, commerce, and naval strength.

These kingdoms maintained diplomatic relations, trade networks, legal systems, and traditional institutions centuries before colonial rule.

---

Economy Before Oil

Before petroleum was discovered, the economy was based on:

Fishing

Canoe carving

Salt production

Farming

Palm oil trade

Maritime commerce

The people became skilled navigators because waterways were their primary means of transportation.

The canoe became one of the most important symbols of Niger Delta civilization.

---

Contact With Europe

Portuguese traders arrived on the coast during the 15th century.

Later came:

Dutch traders

French traders

British traders

The Niger Delta became one of West Africa's most important coastal trading regions.

After the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, palm oil became the major export commodity.

This period transformed cities such as Brass, Bonny, and Old Calabar into major commercial centers.

---

Colonial Resistance

The Niger Delta people did not surrender easily to colonial domination.

Several rulers resisted British control, including:

King Koko

King Jaja of Opobo

Nana Olomu

Their resistance became part of the region's legacy of self-determination and political activism.

---

Oil Discovery and Modern Niger Delta

A turning point came in 1956 when commercial quantities of oil were discovered in Oloibiri.

This discovery changed the history of the region.

The Niger Delta became the center of Nigeria's petroleum industry and the source of a large proportion of the nation's export earnings.

However, many communities also experienced:

Environmental pollution

Oil spills

Gas flaring

Coastal erosion

Loss of traditional livelihoods

---

The Rise of Niger Delta Activism

Several leaders emerged to advocate for the rights of the region:

Harold Dappa-Biriye

Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro

Ken Saro-Wiwa

These figures demanded:

Political inclusion

Environmental justice

Resource control

Regional development

Their efforts shaped modern Niger Delta politics.

---

The Creation of Bayelsa State

For decades, Ijaw leaders sought a state where the Ijaw people would have greater political representation.

On 1 October 1996, Bayelsa State was created from Rivers State by the military government of Sani Abacha.

This was a landmark moment in Niger Delta history because it provided a political homeland for a large proportion of the Ijaw population.

---

Cultural Identity of the Niger Delta

The Niger Delta people are known for:

Respect for elders and traditional rulers

Strong family and clan systems

Rich oral history

Elaborate festivals

Traditional music and dance

Canoe regattas

Colorful attire and coral bead regalia

Many communities continue to preserve customs that are hundreds of years old.

---

Historical Significance

The Niger Delta is far more than an oil-producing region. It is one of Africa's oldest riverine civilizations, home to ancient kingdoms, maritime traders, freedom fighters, and diverse cultures. The story of the Niger Delta is a story of resilience, adaptation, commerce, and the enduring struggle for justice and self-determination.

18/06/2026

The Niger Delta People: Origin and Settlement

Who Are the Niger Delta People?

The Niger Delta people are the indigenous ethnic nationalities that inhabit the vast delta formed by the River Niger as it empties into the Atlantic Ocean in southern Nigeria. The region covers parts of present-day Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Edo, Ondo, Imo, and Abia States.

The major ethnic groups include:

The Ijaw (Ijaw/Izon)

Itsekiri

Urhobo

Isoko

Ogoni

Efik

Ibibio

Andoni

Kalabari

Okrika

Nembe

Epie-Atissa

Ogbia

Ukwuani

Ikwerre and others

The Ijaw people are generally regarded as the largest ethnic nationality in the Niger Delta.

---

Origin of the Niger Delta People

Historians, anthropologists, and oral traditions suggest that the peoples of the Niger Delta migrated into the region over many centuries.

The Ijaw Origin

According to Ijaw oral tradition:

The Ijaw are among the oldest ethnic groups in Nigeria.

Many traditions trace their ancestry to the central Niger-Benue region before gradual migration southward.

Others maintain that the Ijaw have occupied the Delta region for thousands of years and developed distinct riverine civilizations.

By the 15th century, powerful Ijaw kingdoms such as Nembe, Brass, Kalabari, Bonny, and Okrika had emerged.

Because much of early Niger Delta history was preserved through oral tradition rather than written records, scholars continue to debate exact migration timelines.

---

Settlement Pattern

The geography of the Niger Delta greatly influenced settlement.

Why They Settled Along Rivers

The region consists of:

Creeks

Rivers

Swamps

Mangrove forests

Estuaries

As a result, communities were established mainly along waterways.

The people depended on:

Fishing

Canoe transportation

Salt production

Palm oil trade

Agriculture on available dry land

Many settlements became important trading centers linking the interior of West Africa with European merchants on the coast.

---

Ancient Niger Delta Kingdoms

Before colonial rule, several powerful kingdoms existed:

Nembe Kingdom

Located in present-day Bayelsa State, Nembe became a major center of trade and political influence.

Brass Kingdom

One of the most important trading states in the eastern Niger Delta.

Bonny Kingdom

A major commercial kingdom that became influential during the Atlantic trade era.

Kalabari Kingdom

Known for maritime trade, diplomacy, and cultural development.

---

Colonial Era

From the 15th century onward, European traders arrived along the Niger Delta coast.

The region became important in:

The Atlantic trade

Palm oil commerce

International shipping

In 1885, the British gradually established control over much of the Niger Delta through treaties and military campaigns.

---

The Niger Delta Today

Today, the Niger Delta is:

One of Africa's largest wetlands.

The center of Nigeria's petroleum industry.

Home to millions of people from diverse ethnic groups.

A region rich in culture, language, and natural resources.

Despite producing much of Nigeria's oil wealth, the region has faced challenges including environmental degradation, flooding, erosion, and demands for greater resource control.

---

The Bayelsa Connection

Bayelsa State, created on 1 October 1996, is often called the heartland of the Ijaw nation because it contains one of the highest concentrations of Ijaw-speaking communities in the Niger Delta.

Major traditional areas in Bayelsa include:

Nembe

Brass

Ogbia

Epie-Atissa

Kolokuma

Sagbama

Southern Ijaw

Historical Summary

The Niger Delta people developed unique river-based civilizations over many centuries. The Ijaw, widely regarded as the oldest and largest ethnic group in the region, established influential kingdoms and trading networks long before colonial rule. Their descendants continue to shape the political, economic, and cultural identity of the Niger Delta and modern Nigeria.

08/06/2026

Picture Frame 1: Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro (1938–1968)
Title: ISAAC JASPER ADAKA BORO
Role: Father of the Niger Delta Struggle
Key Date: February 23, 1966
Frame Text: Isaac Adaka Boro was the first prominent Ijaw nationalist to demand justice, resource control, and self-determination for the Niger Delta people. On February 23, 1966, he declared the Niger Delta Republic, drawing national attention to the plight of the region. His struggle laid the ideological foundation for the eventual creation of Bayelsa State.
Picture Frame 2: Senator Melford Obiene Okilo (1933–2008)
Title: CHIEF M. O. OKILO
Role: Political Champion of State Creation
Key Period: 1979–1983
Frame Text: As the first civilian Governor of Rivers State, Chief Melford Okilo consistently advocated for greater political representation for the Ijaw people. He promoted development in the riverine areas and inspired future campaigns that eventually led to the creation of Bayelsa State.
Picture Frame 3: Bayelsa State Creation Committee
Title: THE IJAW STATE CREATION MOVEMENT
Role: Grassroots Advocacy for Bayelsa
Key Period: 1980s–1996
Frame Text: Traditional rulers, youth organizations, community leaders, and Ijaw cultural groups united to demand a separate state for the Ijaw people. Their sustained advocacy kept the state creation agenda alive for many years.
Picture Frame 4: General Sani Abacha (1943–1998)
Title: GENERAL SANI ABACHA
Role: Creator of Bayelsa State
Key Date: October 1, 1996
Frame Text: General Sani Abacha officially created Bayelsa State on October 1, 1996, carving it out of Rivers State. This historic decision fulfilled a long-standing aspiration of the Ijaw people for political autonomy and representation.
Picture Frame 5: Chief Dappa-Biriye (1922–2005)
Title: CHIEF HAROLD DAPPA-BIRIYE
Role: Architect of Minority Rights Advocacy
Key Period: 1950s–1990s
Frame Text: Chief Harold Dappa-Biriye was one of the foremost advocates for the rights of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria. His lifelong campaign for justice, equity, and political inclusion helped create the atmosphere that made Bayelsa State possible.
Picture Frame 6: The Founding of Bayelsa State
Title: BAYELSA STATE IS BORN
Date: October 1, 1996
Frame Text: Bayelsa State became Nigeria's 30th state on October 1, 1996. The state was created to provide political representation and development opportunities for the predominantly Ijaw-speaking communities of the Niger Delta.
Historic Motto:
"The Glory of All Lands."
Thumbnail Text
THE MEN WHO MADE BAYELSA STATE POSSIBLE

07/06/2026

Core Languages and Smaller Ethnic Groups of the Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse regions in Africa. It is home to several major ethnic groups as well as many smaller tribes and clans.
Major Ethnic Groups and Languages
1. Ijaw (Izon)
The Ijaw people are the largest ethnic group in the Niger Delta. They are found mainly in Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Ondo, and Akwa Ibom States.
Major Ijaw dialects include:
Izon
Kalabari
Okrika
Nembe
Ibani (Bonny)
Epie-Atissa
2. Itsekiri
The Itsekiri people are found mainly in Delta State, especially around Warri. Their language is Itsekiri, which is closely related to Yoruba.
3. Urhobo
The Urhobo people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Delta State. They speak the Urhobo language, which has several dialects.
4. Isoko
The Isoko people are closely related to the Urhobo and are found in Delta State. They speak the Isoko language.
5. Ogoni
The Ogoni people live in Rivers State and consist of several groups, including:
Khana
Gokana
Tai
Eleme
Each group has its own dialect or language variety.
6. Efik
The Efik people are found mainly in Cross River State. The Efik language became an important trade language in the coastal region.
7. Ibibio
The Ibibio people are mainly found in Akwa Ibom State and speak the Ibibio language.
8. Annang
The Annang people, also in Akwa Ibom State, speak the Annang language, which is related to Ibibio.
Smaller Ethnic Groups and Languages
1. Andoni (Obolo)
Found in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States. They speak the Obolo language.
2. Opobo
Located in Rivers State. The people speak the Ibani dialect of the Ijaw language.
3. Engenni
Found in Rivers State. They speak the Engenni language.
4. Abua
Found in Rivers State. They speak the Abua language.
5. Ekpeye
Located in Rivers State. They speak the Ekpeye language.
6. Ogba
Found in Rivers State. They speak the Ogba language.
7. Ikwerre
One of the major groups in Rivers State, speaking the Ikwerre language.
8. Etche
Found in Rivers State. They speak the Etche language.
9. Egbema
Found in Rivers, Delta, and Imo States. They speak an Igbo-related language.
10. Ukwuani
Located in Delta State. They speak the Ukwuani language.
11. Ndokwa
Found in Delta State. Their language is closely related to Ukwuani.
12. Ika
Located in Delta State. They speak the Ika language.
13. Biseni
A smaller Ijaw-related group found in Bayelsa State.
14. Akassa
An Ijaw subgroup found in Bayelsa State.
15. Apoi
An Ijaw subgroup found in Bayelsa and Ondo States.
16. Mein
An Ijaw subgroup found in Delta and Bayelsa States.
Importance of Language Diversity
The Niger Delta contains more than 40 indigenous languages and hundreds of dialects. These languages preserve the region's history, culture, traditional beliefs, songs, folklore, and identity. Despite the widespread use of English and Nigerian Pidgin, indigenous languages remain an important part of life in the Niger Delta.
Summary: The core languages of the Niger Delta include Ijaw (Izon), Itsekiri, Urhobo, Isoko, Ogoni, Efik, Ibibio, and Annang. Smaller ethnic groups include Andoni, Engenni, Abua, Ekpeye, Ogba, Ikwerre, Etche, Egbema, Ukwuani, Ndokwa, Ika, Biseni, Akassa, Apoi, Mein, and many others, making the Niger Delta one of the most culturally diverse regions in Africa.

Bayelsa State History and Archives Office

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