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कथा के अनुसार प्रियवत नाम के एक राजा थे। उनकी पत्नी का नाम मालिनी था। परंतु दोनों की कोई संतान नही थी। इस बात से राजा और उसकी पत्नी बहुत दुखी रहते थे। उन्होंने एक दिन सन्तान प्राप्ति की इच्छा से महर्षि कश्यप द्वारा पुत्रष्टी यज्ञ करवाया इस यज्ञ के फलस्वरूप रानी गर्भवती हो गयी। नो महीने बाद संतान सुख को प्राप्त करनेका समय आया तो रानीको मरा हुआ पुत्र प्राप्त हुआ। इस बात का पता चलने पर राजा को बहुत दुख हुआ। संतान शोक में वह आत्महत्या का मन बना लिया। परन्तु जैसे ही, राजा ने आत्महत्या करने की कोशिश की उनके सामने एक सुंदर देवी प्रकट हुई।
देवी ने राजा को कहा की “में षष्टि देवी हुँ”। मै लोगो को पुत्र का सौभाग्य प्रदान करती हूँ। इसके अलावा जो सच्चे भाव से मेरी पूजा करता है। मै उसके सभी प्रकार के मनोरथ को पूर्ण कर देती हूँ। यदि तुम मेरी पूजा करोंगे तो मै तुम्हे पुत्र रत्न प्रदान करूँगी। देवी की बातों से प्रभावित होकर राजा ने उनकी आज्ञा का पालन किया।
राजा और उनकी पत्नी ने कार्तिक शुक्ल की षष्ठि तिथि के दिन देवी षष्ठि की पूरे विधि-विधान से पूजा की। इस पूजा के फलस्वरूप उन्हें एक सुंदर पुत्र की प्राप्ति हुई। तभी से छठ का पावन पर्व मनाया जाने लगा........

The New Comb’s Model of Communication/ABX Model of Communication

The New Comb’s model of communication was introduced by Theodore M. Newcomb in 1953. The main purpose of this theory is to introduce the role of communication in a social relationship (society) & to maintain social equilibrium within the social system. He does not include the message as a separate entity in his diagram. He published a new social approach in the field of communication which is called the “ABX” system (later it became Newcomb’s Model).

He concentrates on the social purpose of communication, showing all communication as a means of sustaining relationships between people.
Newcomb’s model works in a triangular format or A-B-X system.
A – Sender
B – Receiver
X – Matter of Concern
The relationship between A & B is like student & teacher, government & public or newspaper & readers.
Sender & Receiver may work in the same flow but at the same time, some factor like “X” may affect their flow of the relationship.
“X” may be third person, issue, topic/policy.

De fleur Model of Communication (1966)

The theory De fleur model of communication is an expanded version of the Shannon & Weaver Model of Communication. And also based on the “Westley & Maclean Model of Communication” describes the circular process of communication with feedback from the receiver. Shannon & Weaver's model is a one-way communication & they explain the role of noise in the communication process. Westley & Maclean model is a two-way communication and for the first time, they introduced the important component called “Linear Feedback” in the communication model. De fleur combines these two models and creates a new one called “De Fleur Model of Communication”.
De Fleur’s model can be well explained with the help of advertisings. Say let’s assume source as the advertising strategy or simply the information about the product which the company intends to tell its audience. This is then converted into a message as ad film & then transmitted by a mass communicating channel. At the other end, the receiver (TV set or radio) decodes the information as a message & finally it is being transformed to the destination (the targeted audience). Now comes the feedback aspect. The feedback acts as a message – an information source & the same process continues where the message reaches back to the advertising company. (Feedback may happen through emails, social networks, etc).
Through feedback, the company can know whether their intended message has reached the target audience and if not they can modify their message and once again involve in the communication process.

Example:
For instance, in January 2018, Swedish retail giant H&M circulated an online advertisement featuring a black boy wearing a sweatshirt that read, “Coolest monkey in the jungle.” The racial undertones of the ad ignited a widespread backlash on Twitter. After receiving overwhelmingly negative feedback, H&M announced that the sweatshirt had been removed from their line of products.

Let's enhance our GK this time .....

OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

The Osgood-Schramm Model (mid-1950s) is built on the theory that communication is a two-way street, with a sender & a receiver. Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that communication was circular rather than linear, meaning that it required two participants taking turns sending & receiving a message. It suggests the successful message encoding & decoding depends on the source & receiver having sufficient commonalities, such as similar language & cultural background.

Later, Wilbur Schramm, who talked about the model in his book, The Process and Effects of Communication, adapted the model & added the notion of field of experience, or commonality, to the mix. The 'Field of experience' incorporates what is mutually understood between the sender & receiver.

Example: A professor of calculus would’ve very little luck communicating important math principles to a classroom of KG students because they do not share a field of experience that makes the message easy to understand.

COMMUNICATION MODELS

Model

The origin of the word ‘Model’ could be traced to the French word modèle;
Italian Modello, diminutive of modo, form & Latin modus, measure, standard.

A model is widely used to depict any idea, thought, or concept in a simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations, etc. Models go a long way in making the understanding of any concept easy & clear. Through a model, one can easily understand a process & draw conclusions from it. In simpler words, a model makes the learning simple. The model refers to the representation/replica of the original. A model is thus a schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties & may be used for further study of its characteristics.

Communication models are systematic representations of the process which helps in understanding how communication works can be done. Models show the process metaphorically and in symbols. They form general perspectives on communication by breaking communication from complex to simple & keeps the components in order. Communication models can sometimes encourage traditional thinking & stereotyping but can also omit some major aspects of human communication.

Methods & channels of communication to be used & the purpose of communication must be considered before choosing a specific communication model. Models are used by business companies & other firms to foster their communication, explore their options & evaluate their own situations. It is also used to understand how the receivers will interpret the message.

Some media scholar's definitions...

“Any representation of a system, whether in words or diagrams, is a model”
-Baran and Davis (1995)

"A model is a representation of a real-world phenomenon, in more abstract terms which can be applied to different forms at different times"
-Narula

"Models are drawings, charts, diagrams, pictograms, schematics used to represent complex ideas (theories) to a graphic form." -Stone et al.

Will you able to make a sentence using these words?
Let us see how far will you go😁
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