Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Sultanate of Oman

Сотрудничество Республики Узбекистан и Республики Казахстан в области туризма

Сотрудничество между Республикой Узбекистан и Республикой Казахстан в сфере туризма является важным направлением двусторонних отношений и занимает особое место в комплексе культурно-гуманитарных связей между двумя соседними странами. Географическая близость, общая историко-культурная основа и богатое наследие Великого шелкового пути создают благоприятные условия для развития туристического взаимодействия и укрепления дружеских связей между народами.

За последние годы наблюдается стабильный рост туристических обменов между Узбекистаном и Казахстаном. По статистическим данным, в 2018 году Узбекистан посетили 2,29 млн граждан Казахстана, а в 2019 году — 2,26 млн человека. Несмотря на спад, вызванный пандемией COVID-19, в последующие годы показатели вновь начали расти, достигнув в 2025 году 2,67 млн человек. Эти данные свидетельствуют о стабильно растущем интересе казахстанцев к культурно-историческому наследию Узбекистана.

Особое внимание уделяется продвижению единого туристического маршрута по Великому шелковому пути, объединяющего исторические города Самарканд, Бухару, Туркестан и Алматы. Этот проект рассматривается как один из ключевых инструментов интеграции туристических рынков Центральной Азии.

В этом плане знаковым событием стал запуск в ноябре 2024 года туристического поезда “Jibek Joly” по маршруту Алматы — Туркестан — Ташкент — Алматы. В октябре 2025 года вновь отправился в путь туристский поезд “Jibek Joly-6.0” по маршруту Алматы – Туркестан – Отрар – Самарканд – Бухара – Ташкент – Алматы. Этот поезд не только способствует развитию железнодорожного туризма, но и символизирует прочные связи между двумя странами, соединяя важнейшие культурные центры Казахстана и Узбекистана.

Большое значение в укреплении связей имеют регулярные контакты туристических компаний и СМИ двух стран. Представители Казахстана традиционно принимают участие в Ташкентской международной туристической ярмарке (TITF), а узбекская сторона — в Казахстанской международной выставке «Туризм и путешествия» (KITF). Подобные мероприятия способствуют обмену опытом, налаживанию партнерских связей и продвижению совместных проектов.

В последние годы активизировались также информационно-промоционные мероприятия: организуются инфотуры, съёмки фильмов и телепрограмм о достопримечательностях Узбекистана, визиты блогеров и журналистов.

В 2023–2025 годах состоялось несколько важных визитов на высоком уровне, в ходе которых обсуждались вопросы инвестиционного сотрудничества, продвижения культурных брендов и укрепления имиджа региона как единого туристического пространства. В сентябре 2025 года стороны разработали проект Плана совместных действий в сфере туризма на 2025–2026 годы, подписание которого планируется в ходе визита руководства Казахстана в Узбекистан.

Таким образом, туристическое сотрудничество между Республикой Узбекистан и Республикой Казахстан развивается на прочной договорно-правовой основе и демонстрирует устойчивую позитивную динамику. Стороны активно расширяют формы взаимодействия — от обмена опытом и совместного участия в международных форумах до реализации крупных инвестиционных проектов. Учитывая богатое историко-культурное наследие, выгодное географическое положение и стратегическое партнёрство, можно с уверенностью сказать, что сотрудничество Узбекистана и Казахстана в сфере туризма имеет значительный потенциал для дальнейшего роста и укрепления взаимопонимания между двумя братскими народами.
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Cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of tourism

Cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan in tourism is an important direction of bilateral relations and holds a special place within the broader framework of cultural and humanitarian ties between the two neighboring countries. Geographic proximity, a shared historical and cultural foundation, and the rich heritage of the Great Silk Road create favorable conditions for developing tourism interaction and strengthening friendly relations between the peoples.

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in tourist travel between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. According to statistics, 2.29 million Kazakhstani citizens visited Uzbekistan in 2018, followed by 2.26 million in 2019. Despite a decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers began to rise again in subsequent years, reaching 2.67 million in 2025. This data indicates a consistently growing interest among Kazakhstanis in Uzbekistan's cultural and historical heritage.

Particular attention is being paid to promoting a unified tourist route along the Great Silk Road, connecting the historic cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Turkestan, and Almaty. This project is considered one of the key tools for integrating the tourism markets of Central Asia.

A landmark event in this regard was the launch in November 2024 of the tourist train “Jibek Joly” on the route Almaty — Turkestan — Tashkent — Almaty. In October 2025, the tourist train “Jibek Joly-6.0” resumed its journey along the route Almaty – Turkestan – Otrar – Samarkand – Bukhara – Tashkent – Almaty. This train not only promotes the development of railway tourism but also symbolizes the strong ties between the two countries, connecting major cultural centers in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Regular contacts between tourism companies and media representatives of the two countries also play an important role in strengthening these ties. Kazakh representatives traditionally participate in the Tashkent International Tourism Fair (TITF), while the Uzbek side participates in the Kazakhstan International Exhibition *Tourism & Travel* (KITF). Such events facilitate the exchange of experience, establishment of partnerships, and promotion of joint projects.

In recent years, informational and promotional activities have also intensified: familiarization tours, filming of movies and TV programs about Uzbekistan’s attractions, and visits by bloggers and journalists have been organized.

Between 2023 and 2025, several important high-level visits took place, during which investment cooperation, promotion of cultural brands, and strengthening the region’s image as a unified tourist space were discussed. In September 2025, the parties developed a draft Joint Action Plan for Tourism for 2025–2026, which is expected to be signed during the visit of Kazakh leadership to Uzbekistan.

Thus, tourism cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan is developing on a solid legal and contractual basis and demonstrates a stable positive dynamic. The parties are actively expanding forms of interaction — from exchanging experience and participating jointly in international forums to implementing large-scale investment projects. Considering the rich historical and cultural heritage, favorable geographic location, and strategic partnership, it can be confidently stated that Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan cooperation in tourism has significant potential for further growth and for strengthening mutual understanding between the two fraternal nations.

Aqlli shaharlar: O‘zbekiston va Ozarbayjon urbanizatsiyani qayta ko‘rib chiqmoqdalar

Bir necha yil oldin "aqlli shahar" tushunchasi asosan raqamli boshqaruv panellari, haydovchisiz transport, sensorlarning keng joriy etilishi va avtomatlashtirilgan shahar xizmatlari bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan futuristik g‘oya sifatida qabul qilingan.

Bugungi k***a "aqlli shahar" amaliy xarakterga ega bo‘lib, dolzarb urbanistik muammolarni hal qilishning amaliy vositasi sifatida qaralmoqda. Bu aholi sonining tez o‘sishi, yirik megapolislarga migratsiya oqimining kuchayishi, infratuzilmaning haddan tashqari yuklanishi va o‘sib borayotgan iqlim xavflariga duch kelayotgan barcha mamlakatlar uchun xosdir.

Bunday sharoitda "aqlli" texnologiyalar o‘z-o‘zidan maqsad bo‘lmay, balki shaharning asosiy tizimlari - transport, energetika, uy-joy kommunal xo‘jaligi, chiqindilarni boshqarish va ekologik monitoringning barqarorligi hamda samaradorligini oshirish mexanizmiga aylanmoqda. Bu shaharlarga yangi muammolarga moslashuvchanroq moslashish, infratuzilmaga yuklamani kamaytirish va shahar muhiti sifatini oshirish imkonini beradi.

Shu bilan birga, "aqlli shahar" qurilishi strategik iqtisodiy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, uzoq muddatli o‘sish drayverlarini shakllantiradi. Bunday loyihalar raqamli infratuzilma, innovatsion xizmatlar va barqaror rivojlanish tamoyillarini o‘zida mujassam etgani sababli katta miqdordagi investitsiyalarni jalb etadi.

"Aqlli" hududlarni rivojlantirish axborot texnologiyalari va telekommunikatsiyalardan tortib muhandislik va shahar ma’lumotlarini tahlil qilishgacha bo‘lgan yuqori texnologiyali sohalarda yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratishga xizmat qiladi. Shuningdek, shahar infratuzilmasi modernizatsiya qilinmoqda, bu esa resurslarni boshqarish samaradorligini va aholining umumiy turmush darajasini oshirmoqda.

Shuning uchun ham O‘zbekiston va Ozarbayjonning bu boradagi qarashlari alohida e’tiborga loyiqdir. Ikki davlat nafaqat global tendensiyaga ergashmoqda, balki texnologiyalar insonga xizmat qiladigan va qulay hamda barqaror kelajak qurishga yordam beradigan "aqlli" urbanizatsiyaning o‘z modelini yaratmoqda.

Bu borada, ayniqsa, barqaror demografik o‘sish sharoitida urbanizatsiya masalasi tobora dolzarb bo‘lib borayotgan O‘zbekiston misolida yaqqol ko‘rish mumkin. Mamlakat aholisi har yili taxminan 1,8-2 foizga ko‘paymoqda, bu esa transport tizimi, uy-joy fondi, kommunal infratuzilma va ijtimoiy xizmatlarga qo‘shimcha yuk tug‘dirmoqda.

Bunday sharoitda davlat mavjud shahar muhitini nuqtali modernizatsiya qilishga emas, balki yangi o‘sish markazlarini shakllantirishga e’tibor qaratadi. 2019-yilda qabul qilingan "Aqlli shahar" konsepsiyasi, keyinchalik esa "Raqamli O‘zbekiston - 2030" strategiyasi shahar infratuzilmasi va xizmatlarini tizimli raqamli o‘zgartirish uchun institutsional asos yaratdi.

"Yangi Toshkent" loyihasi ushbu strategik mo‘ljallarni amalga oshirishning amaliy natijasi bo‘ldi. Uning ahamiyati an’anaviy shaharsozlik loyihasi doirasidan ancha tashqariga chiqadi.

Aslida gap amaldagi poytaxtga yuklamani qayta taqsimlash va bir vaqtning o‘zida "aqlli shahar" va barqaror rivojlanish tamoyillariga asoslangan shaharni tashkil etishning mutlaqo yangi modelini shakllantirish uchun mo‘ljallangan yangi iqtisodiy, ma’muriy va investitsiya markazini yaratish haqida bormoqda.

"15 daqiqalik shahar" konsepsiyasi, yashil infratuzilmani rivojlantirish, raqamli boshqaruv, jamoat transportiga ustuvorlik berish va energiya samaradorligi tamoyillari bu yerda alohida elementlar emas, balki iqtisodiyotni fazoviy kengaytirish va shahar muhiti sifatini oshirish bo‘yicha kengroq strategiyaning tarkibiy qismlari sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi.

"Yangi Toshkent" ushbu kontekstda davlat urbanizatsiya jarayonlaridan nafaqat mavjud infratuzilma muammolarini hal qilish, balki ishbilarmonlik faolligini qayta taqsimlash va shahar aglomeratsiyasining uzoq muddatli rivojlanish yo‘nalishini belgilashga qodir bo‘lgan yangi iqtisodiy o‘sish nuqtalarini shakllantirish uchun qanday foydalanayotganining yaqqol misoliga aylanmoqda.

Shuning uchun ham loyiha xalqaro xarakterga ega. Uni amalga oshirishda Singapurning "Meinhardt Group," Buyuk Britaniyaning "Foster + Partners" va "Cross Works," Niderlandiyaning OMA byurosi, Yaponiyaning "Sojitz Corporation," Janubiy Koreyaning "Incheon International Airport Corporation" va boshqa hamkorlar ishtirok etmoqda. Bu O‘zbekistonning global ekspertizani milliy rivojlanish modeliga integratsiya qilishga intilishini ko‘rsatadi.

O‘z navbatida, Ozarbayjon "aqlli" shahar makonlarini rivojlantirishda boshqacha yondashuvni tanladi. Noldan yangi qurilish modelidan farqli o‘laroq, bu yerda zamonaviy shaharsozlik yechimlari va Smart City texnologiyalarini joriy etish bilan bir vaqtda yaqinda qaytarilgan hududlarni tiklash va kompleks modernizatsiya qilishga e’tibor qaratilgan.

Bunday yondashuv nafaqat infratuzilmani jismonan tiklashni, balki uni raqamli texnologiyalar, barqaror rejalashtirish va "yashil" standartlar asosida qayta ko‘rib chiqishni ham nazarda tutadi.

Qorabog‘ va Sharqiy Zangezur Ozarbayjonga qo‘shib olingandan so‘ng, mamlakat oldida nafaqat vayron bo‘lgan hududlarni tiklash, balki ularni ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy jihatdan umummilliy rivojlanish makoniga qayta integratsiya qilish zarurati paydo bo‘ldi. Shu nuqtayi nazardan, Ozarbayjon uchun "Aqlli shahar" va "Aqlli qishloq" konsepsiyalari alohida strategik ahamiyat kasb etib, zamonaviy hududiy rejalashtirish va boshqaruv modelini shakllantirishga asos bo‘ldi.

Ushbu yondashuvda texnologiyalar faqat modernizatsiya funksiyasi doirasidan chiqib, hududlarni kompleks rivojlantirish vositasiga aylanadi. Ular hayot faoliyatini tezroq tiklashga, aholining qaytishi uchun sharoit yaratishga, iqtisodiy faollikni yo‘lga qo‘yishga va hududiy rivojlanishni boshqarishning yanada samarali tizimini yaratishga yordam beradi.

Bunga eng yorqin misol sifatida Ozarbayjonning birinchi "aqlli qishlog‘i" - Ag‘alini keltirish mumkin. Loyiha raqamli infratuzilma, qayta tiklanadigan energiya, aqlli qishloq xo‘jaligi va zamonaviy davlat xizmatlari mojarodan keyingi tiklanishning yangi modelining bir qismiga aylanayotganini namoyish etadi.

Uning maydoni qariyb 119 gektarni tashkil etadi va "aqlli" tizimlar elementlari bilan jihozlangan 200 dan ortiq zamonaviy ekologik uylarni, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va jamoat infratuzilmasi obyektlarini - maktab, bolalar bog‘chasi, tibbiyot markazi, ASAN xizmat va DOST markazlarini, shuningdek, kichik biznes obyektlari va ma’muriy binolarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

Xuddi shunday fazoviy rivojlanish mantig‘i boshqa aholi punktlarida - Fuzuliy, Agdam, Shusha, Xo‘jali va boshqa bir qator joylarda ham kuzatilmoqda, bu yerda ekologik barqarorlik, transport qulayligi hamda shahar va qishloq xizmatlarini raqamli boshqarish tamoyillariga asoslangan yangi infratuzilma modeli shakllanmoqda.

Shu bilan birga, O‘zbekiston kabi Ozarbayjon ham modernizatsiya qilishning muhim resursi sifatida xalqaro hamkorlikka faol tayanmoqda. Raqamli yechimlarni amalga oshirishda Huawei ishtirok etmoqda, Jahon banki tahliliy va maslahat yordamini ko‘rsatmoqda, Yaponiya esa ilg‘or texnologik amaliyotlarni joriy etishga hissa qo‘shib, aqlli infratuzilma va "yashil" energetika sohasida hamkorlikni rivojlantirmoqda.

O‘zbekiston yangi shahar muhitini noldan boshlab shakllantirmoqda, Ozarbayjon esa uni murakkab tarixiy va hududiy o‘zgarishlar asosida rivojlantirmoqda. Bir qarashda turli xil boshlang‘ich nuqtalar, ammo aynan shu narsa ularning yondashuvlaridagi o‘xshashlikni ayniqsa yaqqol ko‘rsatadi. Ikkala holatda ham raqamli infratuzilma shahar ustidagi ustqurma sifatida qaralmaydi, balki dastlab uning asosiga qo‘yiladi va keyingi rivojlanish mantiqini belgilaydi.

Shu bilan birga, hech bir davlat tayyor yechimlarni to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nusxalash modeliga amal qilmaydi - Singapur, Dubay va Qatar misollari o‘rganiladi, ammo takrorlanmaydi. Buning o‘rniga demografik, geografik, tarixiy va ijtimoiy sharoitlarga moslashtirilgan o‘z rivojlanish arxitekturalari shakllantiriladi. Bunda tanlovning cheklanganligi emas, balki strategik yondashuvning yetukligi namoyon bo‘ladi.

Markaziy Osiyo va Janubiy Kavkazda jadal urbanizatsiya sharoitida O‘zbekiston va Ozarbayjon tajribasi rivojlanishning yangi modellari uchun o‘ziga xos "laboratoriya" sifatida ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ularning strategiyalari vositalari va e’tibori bilan farq qilsa-da, umumiy maqsad - texnologiya, barqarorlik, moslashuvchanlik va insonga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuvni o‘zida mujassam etgan yangi avlod shaharlarini shakllantirish bilan birlashtirilgan.

Mashrapov Abbosbek

Markaziy Osiyo xalqaro instituti yetakchi ilmiy xodimi
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Smart Cities: How Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan
Are Rethinking Urban Development

Just a few years ago, the concept of the “smart city” was largely seen as a futuristic idea associated with digital control panels, autonomous transport, widespread sensor networks, and automated urban services.

Today, the smart city has become a practical tool for addressing modern urban challenges. This trend can be seen across countries facing rapid population growth, increasing migration to major metropolitan areas, overstretched infrastructure, and mounting climate risks.

In this context, smart technologies are no longer viewed as an end in themselves. Instead, they are increasingly used to improve the resilience and efficiency of key urban systems, including transport, energy, public utilities, waste management, and environmental monitoring. This allows cities to adapt more effectively to emerging challenges, reduce pressure on infrastructure, and improve the overall quality of urban life.

At the same time, smart city development is gaining strategic economic importance by creating long-term drivers of growth. Such projects attract substantial investment by combining digital infrastructure, innovative services, and principles of sustainable development.

The growth of smart urban areas also contributes to job creation in high-tech sectors ranging from IT and telecommunications to engineering and urban data analytics. In parallel, the modernization of urban infrastructure improves resource management and raises overall living standards.

Against this backdrop, the approaches taken by Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan deserve particular attention. Rather than simply following a global trend, both countries are developing their own models of smart urbanization — ones in which technology serves people and supports the creation of more comfortable, sustainable, and future-oriented cities.

In this regard, Uzbekistan offers a particularly notable example, as urbanization is becoming an increasingly pressing issue amid steady demographic growth. The country’s population is growing by approximately 1.8–2% annually, placing additional pressure on transport systems, housing, infrastructure, and social services.

Under these conditions, the government is focusing not on limited modernization of the existing urban environment, but on the creation of new growth centers. The Smart City concept adopted in 2019, followed by the Digital Uzbekistan – 2030 strategy, established the institutional foundation for the large-scale digital transformation of urban infrastructure and public services.

One of the most visible outcomes of this strategy is the New Tashkent project, whose significance extends far beyond that of a traditional urban development initiative.

In essence, the project aims to create a new economic, administrative, and investment hub capable of easing pressure on the existing capital while introducing a fundamentally new model of urban organization based on smart city principles and sustainable development.

In this case, the concept of the “15-minute city,” green infrastructure, digital governance, public transport prioritization, and energy efficiency are not treated as separate elements, but as components of a broader strategy aimed at expanding economic space and improving the quality of the urban environment.

Against this backdrop, New Tashkent illustrates how urbanization can serve not only as a response to infrastructure pressures, but also as a tool for creating new centers of economic growth capable of redistributing business activity and shaping the long-term development of the urban agglomeration.

This is also why the project has a distinctly international dimension. Its implementation involves Singapore’s Meinhardt Group, the UK-based Foster + Partners and Cross Works, the Dutch firm OMA, Japan’s Sojitz Corporation, South Korea’s Incheon International Airport Corporation, and other international partners. This reflects Uzbekistan’s efforts to integrate global expertise into its national development model.

Azerbaijan, in turn, has chosen a different approach to the development of smart urban spaces. Rather than building entirely new cities from scratch, the focus has been placed on the restoration and comprehensive modernization of recently reintegrated territories alongside the introduction of modern urban planning solutions and Smart City technologies.

This approach goes beyond the physical reconstruction of infrastructure and involves rethinking urban development through digital technologies, sustainable planning, and green standards.

Following the reintegration of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur, Azerbaijan faced not only the challenge of rebuilding damaged territories, but also the task of their socio-economic reintegration into the country’s broader development framework. In this context, the concepts of Smart City and Smart Village have gained particular strategic importance, serving as the foundation for a new model of territorial planning and governance.

Within this model, technology is no longer viewed solely as a modernization tool, but as an instrument for comprehensive territorial development. It supports the rapid restoration of basic services, creates conditions for the return of displaced populations, stimulates economic activity, and enables more effective management of spatial development.

One of the clearest examples is Aghali — Azerbaijan’s first “smart village.” The project demonstrates how digital infrastructure, renewable energy, smart agriculture, and modern public services can become part of a new model of post-conflict reconstruction.

The village covers around 119 hectares and includes more than 200 modern eco-friendly homes equipped with smart systems, as well as social and public infrastructure facilities, including a school, kindergarten, medical center, ASAN xidmət and DOST service centers, small business facilities, and administrative buildings.

A similar development model can also be seen in Fizuli, Aghdam, Shusha, Khojaly, and several other settlements, where new infrastructure systems are being developed based on environmental sustainability, transport accessibility, and digital management of urban and rural services.

Like Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan also relies heavily on international cooperation as a key driver of modernization. Huawei is involved in implementing digital solutions, the World Bank provides analytical and advisory support, while Japan is expanding cooperation in smart infrastructure and green energy, contributing to the adoption of advanced technological practices.

Uzbekistan is building a new urban environment from the ground up, while Azerbaijan is developing its model against the backdrop of a complex historical and territorial transformation. At first glance, these are very different starting points. Yet this is precisely what makes the similarities in their approaches particularly notable. In both cases, digital infrastructure is not treated as an additional layer built onto the city, but as a core element shaping its future development from the outset.

At the same time, neither country is pursuing a model based on copying existing examples. The experiences of Singapore, Dubai, and Qatar are being studied, but not replicated. Instead, both states are developing their own models tailored to local demographic, geographic, historical, and social realities. This reflects not a limitation of choice, but the maturity of their strategic approach.

Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization across Central Asia and the South Caucasus, the experiences of Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan are increasingly emerging as a kind of laboratory for new development models. While their strategies differ in tools and priorities, both are driven by the same objective: building a new generation of cities that combine technology, sustainability, adaptability, and a people-centered approach.

Abbosbek Mashrapov

Senior Research Fellow, International Institute for Central Asia

O‘monning “Asdaa Oman” nashrida eʼlon qilingan maqolada O‘zbekistonning mintaqaviy savdo, transport va sarmoyaviy jarayonlardagi o‘rni ortib borayotganini alohida qayd etildi.

Nashrda taʼkidlanishicha, Turkiy davlatlar tashkiloti (TDT) yuqori resurs, sanoat va logistika salohiyatiga ega mamlakatlarni birlashtirib, Yevroosiyoda iqtisodiy hamkorlikning muhim platformasiga aylanib bormoqda.

Ekspertlar fikricha, O‘zbekiston ishlab chiqarish, eksport va sanoat kooperatsiyasidagi mavqeini mustahkamlagan holda, mintaqadagi eng jadal rivojlanish bosqichini namoyish etmoqda.

So‘nggi besh yil ichida mamlakat eksport hajmini oshirib, mintaqaviy taʼminot zanjirlaridagi ishtirokini kuchaytirish orqali o‘zining iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlarini sezilarli darajada yaxshiladi. Bunda asosiy savdo hamkorlari bo‘lib qolayotgan Qozog‘iston, Turkiya, Ozarbayjon, Qirg‘iziston va Turkmaniston bilan kengayib borayotgan hamkorlik muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.

Maqolada transport integratsiyasining ahamiyati ham alohida yoritilgan. Dengizga chiqish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan O‘zbekiston quruqlik va multimodal yo‘laklarni, jumladan, Qozog‘iston, Ozarbayjon va Turkiya orqali o‘tuvchi yo‘nalishlarni, istiqbolli “Xitoy–Qirg‘iziston–O‘zbekiston” temiryo‘l loyihasini faol rivojlantirmoqda. Bu yo‘nalishlar eksportni kengaytirish va logistika xarajatlarini qisqartirishning asosiy omili sifatida ko‘rilmoqda.

Bundan tashqari, iqtisodiy hamkorlik asosi sifatida raqamlashtirishning o‘rni ortib borayotgani taʼkidlangan. Raqamli standartlarni uyg‘unlashtirish, elektron tijoratni rivojlantirish va yagona platformalarni joriy etish tranzaksiya xarajatlarini kamaytirish hamda mintaqa ichidagi savdoni kengaytirishning muhim vositasi sanaladi.
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In an article published in Oman’s “Asdaa Oman” newspaper, it was noted that Uzbekistan’s role in regional trade, transport, and investment processes is steadily increasing.

The publication emphasizes that the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) is becoming an important platform for economic cooperation in Eurasia, bringing together countries with high resource, industrial, and logistics potential.
According to experts, Uzbekistan is demonstrating one of the most dynamic stages of development in the region by strengthening its position in production, exports, and industrial cooperation.

Over the past five years, the country has significantly improved its economic indicators by increasing export volumes and strengthening its participation in regional supply chains. Cooperation with Kazakhstan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan, which remain key trade partners, plays an important role in this expanding collaboration.

The article also highlights the importance of transport integration. Uzbekistan, which is a landlocked country, is actively developing land and multimodal corridors, including routes passing through Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkey, as well as the promising “China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan” railway project.

These routes are seen as key factors in expanding exports and reducing logistics costs. In addition, the growing role of digitalization as a basis for economic cooperation is emphasized. Harmonizing digital standards, developing e-commerce, and introducing unified platforms are considered important tools for reducing transaction costs and expanding intra-regional trade.

TERMIZ MULOQOTI: MADANIY-GUMANITAR ALOQALARDAN BARQAROR MINTAQAVIY ARXITEKTURANI BARPO ETISH SARI

Bugun xalqaro maydonlarda yuz berayotgan voqea va hodisalar Markaziy va Janubiy Osiyo mintaqasi davlatlari uchun yana bir bor o‘zaro hamjihatlik, birdamlik hamda maqsadlar mushtarakligiga erishish zarurati ortib borayotganligini ko‘rsatmoqda. Bu borada 2025-yilning 19-mayida o‘tkazilgan “Tinchlik, do‘stlik va farovonlikning umumiy makonini barpo etish” mavzusida Markaziy va Janubiy Osiyo o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik bo‘yicha Termiz muloqotidan ko‘zlangan asosiy maqsad mintaqalarining o‘zaro bog‘liqligini mustahkamlash hamda hamkorlikni yangi bosqichga olib chiqishdan iborat edi. Aytish mumkinki, so‘nggi bir yil davomida muloqotda e’tibor qaratilgan dolzarb masalalarda sezilarli natijalarga erishildi. Navbatdagi Termiz muloqotida ham Markaziy va Janubiy Osiyo o‘rtasidagi hamkorlikni mustahkamlash, mintaqalararo aloqalarni chuqurlashtirish va iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlash, shuningdek, xavfsizlik va barqaror rivojlanishni yanada takomillashtirish kabi dolzarb masalalarni muhokama qilishga qaratilgan.

Madaniy aloqalar. Qayd etish joizki, bugungi k***a Termiz shahri Afg‘onistonda tinchlik va barqarorlikni ta’minlash hamda iqtisodiyotini qayta tiklashdagi muhim maskanga aylandi. E’tiborga molik jihati shundaki, o‘tmishda ham Termiz zardushtiylik, buddaviylik, xristianlik va islom an’analari paydo bo‘lgan va rivojlangan madaniyatlararo hamda diniy muloqot markazi bo‘lgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti huzuridagi Strategik va mintaqalararo tadqiqotlar instituti direktori Eldor Aripovning qayd etishicha, Yunon-Baqtriya, Kushon podshohliklari va boshqa qadimiy davlatlar o‘rtasida joylashgan shahar Temuriylar davrida taraqqiy etib, yirik savdo, hunarmandchilik va ilm-ma’rifat maskaniga aylangan[1]. Darhaqiqat, agar tariximizga nazar tashlaydigan boʻlsak, Markaziy Osiyo va Janubiy Osiyo mintaqasi mamlakatlari azaldan yagona makon sifatida uygʻun rivojlanib kelgan, barcha sohalarda yaqin hamkorlik qilgan. Buyuk mutafakkir Abu Rayhon Beruniyning “Hindiston”, Zahiriddin Muhammad Boburning “Boburnoma” asarlari va boshqa tarixiy manbalar bu yaqin rishtalarning yaqqol dalilidir. Qolaversa, Afg‘onistonning O‘zbekistondagi elchisi o‘rinbosari Muhammadsobir Turkistoniyning quyidagi fikrlari e’tiborga molik: “Bir vaqtlar Movarounnahr deb atalgan ikki daryo oralig‘idagi zaminda O‘zbekiston ham, Afg‘oniston ham joylashgan. Madaniyatimizda mushtarak jihatlar kam emas. Alisher Navoiy hazratlari madaniy merosi O‘zbekiston va Afg‘oniston xalqlarining boyligidir. Alisher Navoiy bobomizning xoklari Hirot viloyatida. Hirotda sulton Husayn Boyqaro davrida qurilgan minoralarning hammasi yagona majmua sifatida qad ko‘targan. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur esa Kobulda dafn qilingan. Bog‘i Bobur deb ataladigan majmuada. Afg‘onistonda ham ulkan madaniyat muzeylari bor. Kobulda, Hirotda, Mozori Sharifdagi muzeylarimizda osori atiqalarimiz saqlanadi”[2]. Albatta, bugungi saʼy-harakatlarimizning asosiy maqsadi ana shu tarixiy aloqalarni tiklash, xalqlarimiz oʻrtasida doʻstlik, qardoshlik rishtalarini yana-da mustahkamlash, pirovardida mamlakatlarimiz taraqqiyotini yangi bosqichga koʻtarishdir. Shu maqsadda Oʻzbekiston soʻnggi yillarda Janubiy Osiyo mamlakatlari bilan aloqalarni tobora rivoj­lantirmoqda.

Qayd etish o‘rinliki, uzoq vaqtdan buyon davom etib kelayotgan notinch vaziyat tufayli Afg‘onistonda ta’lim sohasi chuqur tanazzulga yuz tutdi. Shunday vaziyatda afg‘on xalqini ta’lim olishiga koʻmaklashish hamda zamonaviy bilim va koʻnikmalarga ega kadrlarni tayyorlashga koʻmak berish Afg‘onistonni inqirozdan olib chiqishga boʻlgan eng oqilona yoʻllardan biri ekanligini ta’kidlash lozim. Shu nuqtayi nazardan Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2017-yil 13-noyabrdagi “Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va oʻrta maxsus taʼlim vazirligi huzurida Afg‘oniston fuqarolarini oʻqitish taʼlim markazi faoliyatini tashkil etish toʻg‘risida”gi Qaroriga muvofiq Surxondaryo viloyati Termiz shahrida Afg‘oniston fuqarolarini oʻqitish markazi faoliyat yuritmoqda. 2018-2019-oʻquv yili davomida Markazda 96 nafar talaba “Oʻzbek tili va adabiyoti” yoʻnalishi boʻyicha tahsil olib, barchasi Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat oʻzbek tili va adabiyoti universitetining bakalavr darajasiga ega boʻlishdi.

Iqtisodiy aloqalar. Ta’kidlash joizki, afg‘on zaminida tinchlik va barqarorlikni qaror toptirishda qurol-yarog‘ va harbiylar bilan hech qanday ijobiy natijaga erishib bo‘lmasligi 2021-yilda AQSh harbiylari Afg‘onistonda olib chiqib ketilishi bilan yana bir bor o‘z tasdig‘ini topdi. Shu nuqtai nazardan bugun O‘zbekistonning Afg‘oniston bilan iqtisodiy aloqalari mamalakatda tinchlik qaror topishi hamda iqtisodi qayta izga tushishida muhim omillardan biri bo‘lib xizmat qilmoqda.

O‘zbekiston Statistika agentligining hisob-kitoblariga ko‘ra, o‘zaro savdo aylanmasi 2021-yilda 653 mln dollar, 2022-yilda 688,8 mln dollar, 2023-yilda 784,1 mln dollar va 2024-yil yanvar-noyabr oylari bo‘yicha 999,9 mln dollarni tashkil etgan[3]. So'nggi besh yil ichida savdo aylanmasi 2,5 baravar o‘sib, 2025 yilda 1,68 milliard dollarga yetdi, O‘zbekiston eksporti esa taxminan 1,5 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi. Tomonlar savdo hajmini 5 milliard dollarga yetkazish bo‘yicha yangi o‘rta muddatli maqsadni belgilab oldilar. Shu boisdan O‘zbekiston bugungi k***a Afg‘onistonga sarmoya kirituvchi muhim davlatlardan biriga aylanmoqda. Jumladan, Oʻzbekiston va Afgʻoniston oʻrtasida imzolangan qiymati 1 mlrd dollarlik shartnomaga ko‘ra, Oʻzbekiston 10 yil davomida Jauzjon va Faryob viloyatlaridagi Toʻti Maydon gaz konini qayta ishlashda ishtirok etadi. Bu singari savdo-iqtisodiy vositalarni amalga oshirishda Surxondaryo viloyatida tashkil etilgan Termiz xalqaro savdo markazi juda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu savdo markazi Afg‘oniston bilan hamkorlik qiluvchi turli tadbirkorlarga, ayniqsa, afg‘on tadbirkorlariga xizmat qiluvchi Markaziy Osiyodagi birinchi savdo zonasi hisoblanadi. Savdo markazida doimiy faoliyat yuritadigan ko‘rgazma-yarmarkalar, O‘zbekiston-Afg‘oniston biznes maktabi, Afg‘oniston fuqarolari bo‘lgan bemorlarga davolanish va tibbiy yordam olish uchun tibbiyot klinikasi, mehmonxona, qimmatbaho metallardan zargarlik buyumlari ishlab chiqarishga ixtisoslashgan korxonalar, multivalyuta tizimi va umuman, tadbirkorlar emin-erkin savdo qilishga imkon beruvchi boshqa shart-sharoitlar yaratilgan.

Tahliliy ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra O‘zbekiston umumiy xalqaro transportning 60% Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari va Afg‘oniston tranzit yo‘llaridan o‘tadi. O‘zbekistonning Afg‘oniston orqali dengiz portlariga chiqishi Qora va Boltiq dengiziga chiqish portlaridan 2-3 marta, Tinch okeani portlari yo‘nalishidan 5 marta qisqaroqdir[4]. Iqtisodiy tahlilchilarning maʼlumotiga koʻra, Afg‘oniston orqali dengiz portlariga chiqish Markaziy ­Osiyodan Janubiy Osiyoga bitta konteynerni yetkazish narxi 900 dollardan 286 dollarga arzonlashadi. Bundan tashqari, yuk tashishga sarflanadigan vaqt 35 k***an 3-5 kungacha qisqaradi. Shu bilan birga, eksport salohiyati ham keskin oshadi. Transport-infratuzilmaviy kommunikatsiyalarni takomillashtirish va Markaziy Osiyoga xalqaro tranzit yuk tashuvchilarni jalb etish mintaqa davlatlarini birlashtiruvchi eng muhim vazifalardan biridir. Uni hal etish mintaqadagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy vaziyatni yaxshilash zarurati bilan belgilanadi.

Xulosa qilib aytganda ushbu nufuzli xalqaro anjuman mintaqalarimiz oʻrtasida oʻzaro aloqalarni yana-da kengaytirish, hamkorlikning yangi qirralarini ochish, tinchlik va taraqqiyot yoʻlidan dadil odimlashimizda oʻz samaralarini beradi.

Shuningdek, Termiz muloqoti mintaqalararo o‘zaro bog‘liqlikni kuchaytirishga turtki beruvchi maydon sifatida mushtarak tarixiy-madaniy va sivilizatsion aloqalarni tiklash barobarida, Afg‘oniston orqali yangi xalqaro transport-logistika yo‘laklari rivojlanishiga imkoniyat eshiklarini ochib beradi. Bir-biriga ishonch va manfaatlar to‘qnashuvi kuchayib borayotgan hozirgi murakkab sharoitda Termiz muloqoti kabi hamkorlik formati muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Toshkent davlat sharqshunoslik universiteti Tashqi siyosat va xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlar instituti direktor o‘rinbosari
PhD., O.Abdurahmonov
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TERMEZ DIALOGUE: FROM CULTURAL-HUMANITARIAN TIES TO BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Today's events and developments in the international arena once again demonstrate the growing need for the states of the Central and South Asian regions to achieve mutual understanding, solidarity, and a common goal. In this regard, the main goal of the Termez Dialogue on Connectivity between Central and South Asia, held on May 19, 2025, on the theme "Building a Common Space of Peace, Friendship, and Prosperity," was to strengthen regional connectivity and bring cooperation to a new level. It can be said that over the past year, significant results have been achieved on the topical issues discussed during the dialogue. The next Termez Dialogue is also aimed at discussing topical issues such as strengthening cooperation between Central and South Asia, deepening interregional ties and ensuring economic growth, as well as further improving security and sustainable development.

Cultural relations. It should be noted that today the city of Termez has become an important center for ensuring peace and stability in Afghanistan and restoring its economy. It is noteworthy that in the past, Termez was a center of intercultural and religious dialogue, where Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islamic traditions emerged and developed. Eldor Aripov, Director of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, noted that the city, located between the Greco-Bactrian, Kushan, and other ancient states, flourished during the Timurid era and became a major center of trade, craftsmanship, and science[1]. Indeed, if we look at our history, the countries of Central Asia and the South Asian region have always developed harmoniously as a single space, closely cooperating in all areas. The works of the great thinker Abu Rayhan Beruni "India," Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur "Baburnama" and other historical sources are clear evidence of these close ties. Furthermore, the following remarks by Muhammad Sobir Turkestani, Deputy Ambassador of Afghanistan to Uzbekistan, deserve attention: "Both Uzbekistan and Afghanistan are located on the land between two rivers, which was once called Mawarannahr." There are many similarities in our cultures. The cultural heritage of Alisher Navoi is the wealth of the peoples of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. The remains of our ancestor Alisher Navoi are in the Herat region. All the minarets built in Herat during the reign of Sultan Husayn Bayqara stand as a single complex. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur was buried in Kabul. In a complex called Babur's Garden. There are also large cultural museums in Afghanistan. Our antiquities are kept in our museums in Kabul, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif.[2]" Undoubtedly, the main goal of our efforts today is to restore these historical ties, further strengthen the bonds of friendship and brotherhood between our peoples, and ultimately raise the development of our countries to a new level. To this end, Uzbekistan has been increasingly developing ties with South Asian countries in recent years.

It should be noted that the education sector in Afghanistan has experienced a deep decline due to the long-standing unstable situation. In such a situation, it should be noted that assisting the Afghan people in obtaining education and training personnel with modern knowledge and skills is one of the most rational ways to lead Afghanistan out of the crisis. In this regard, in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 13, 2017, "On organizing the activities of the Educational Center for Training Afghan Citizens under the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan," an Educational Center for Training Afghan Citizens operates in the city of Termez, Surkhandarya region. During the 2018-2019 academic year, 96 students studied at the Center in the "Uzbek Language and Literature" direction, all of whom received a bachelor's degree from the Alisher Navoi Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature.

Economic relations. It should be noted that the impossibility of achieving any positive results with weapons and troops in establishing peace and stability on Afghan soil was once again confirmed by the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan in 2021. From this perspective, today Uzbekistan's economic ties with Afghanistan serve as one of the important factors in establishing peace and economic recovery in the country.

According to estimates by the Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan, mutual trade turnover amounted to $653 million in 2021, $688.8 million in 2022, $784.1 million in 2023, and $999.9 million in January-November 2024[3]. Over the past five years, trade turnover has increased 2.5 times, reaching $1.68 billion in 2025, while Uzbekistan's exports amounted to approximately $1.5 billion. The parties set a new medium-term goal to increase the volume of trade to $5 billion. Therefore, today Uzbekistan is becoming one of the key investors in Afghanistan. Specifically, according to a $1 billion agreement signed between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, Uzbekistan will participate in the development of the Tuti Maidan gas field in the Jauzjan and Faryab regions for 10 years. The Termez International Trade Center, established in the Surkhandarya region, plays a very important role in implementing such trade and economic instruments. This shopping center is the first trade zone in Central Asia serving various entrepreneurs, especially Afghan entrepreneurs, who cooperate with Afghanistan. The shopping center features permanent exhibitions and fairs, an Uzbek-Afghan business school, a medical clinic for the treatment and provision of medical care to patients who are citizens of Afghanistan, a hotel, enterprises specializing in the production of precious metal jewelry, a multi-currency system, and other conditions that allow entrepreneurs to trade freely.

According to analytical data, 60% of Uzbekistan's total international traffic passes through the transit routes of Central Asian countries and Afghanistan. Uzbekistan's access to seaports through Afghanistan is 2-3 times shorter than the ports with access to the Black and Baltic Seas, and 5 times shorter than the route to Pacific ports[4]. According to economic analysts, the cost of delivering one container from Central Asia to South Asia through Afghanistan to seaports will decrease from $900 to $286. In addition, transportation time will be reduced from 35 days to 3-5 days. At the same time, export potential will also increase sharply. Improving transport and infrastructure communications and attracting international transit carriers to Central Asia is one of the most important tasks uniting the countries of the region. Its resolution is determined by the need to improve the socio-economic situation in the region.

In conclusion, it should be noted that this prestigious international conference will contribute to the further expansion of ties between our regions, the opening of new horizons for cooperation, and our confident progress on the path of peace and development.

Furthermore, the Termez Dialogue, as a platform for strengthening interregional connectivity and restoring common historical, cultural, and civilizational ties, opens opportunities for the development of new international transport and logistics corridors through Afghanistan. In the current difficult conditions of growing mutual trust and conflict of interests, such a format of cooperation as the Termez Dialogue is of great importance.

Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Foreign policy and international economic relations Deputy Director of the Institute PhD., O. Abdurakhmonov