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The Politics in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان کی سیاست) takes place within the framework under which the country is established by the Constitution.[1] Classified itself as a nation-state in South Asia, Pakistan is an Islamic and federal parliamentary republic with Islam being its state religion.[2] Stipulations set by the Constitution to provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between Ex
ecutive, Parliament, and Judicature are reserved as the federal government shares sovereignty with the provincial governments.[3]
The Prime Minister of Pakistan solely leads the executive government which is independent of the state parliament.[4] A bicameral parliament that is composed of two chambers– the Senate (upper house and the National Assembly (lower house).[5] The Judicature branch forms with the composition of the Supreme Court as an apex court, alongside with the high courts and other inferior courts.[6][7] The judiciary's function is to interpret the Constitution and federal laws and regulations.[8] The President of Pakistan is a ceremonial figurehead who represents the unity of the nation-state; the presidency is a vital part of the Parliament.[9]
Since 1947, the military establishment have played an integral and influential role in country's politics.[10][11][12] As an aftermath of the large-scale conventional war with India in 1971, the two-party system has dominated in Pakistan's politics; although there have been a sharp rise of other political parties.[13][14] Political spectrum has been dominated by the competition between the Pakistan Peoples Party (left-wing) and the Pakistan Muslim League-N (right-wing), however there has been a sharp rise in the centrist movements led by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf since the 2000s.[15][16] Elections are held every five-consecutive years. The new governments are formed through direct elections followed by the electoral college.[17] The early years of the 2000s saw the rise of coalition governments until the general elections held in 2013, which brought back single-party rule in the country, with the PML(N) being able to claim a simple majority.
