Umer Medical Center Rawalpindi

Dr Amir Zahid BScN MBBS,MD PGD (Pain management) 😁

The EPIC Study found that just 4 simple lifestyle behaviors, not smoking, BMI

Follow For free medical consultation and prevention

whatsapp.com

✅ Hypoglycaemia: Signs and Symptoms:

Hypoglycemia: Blood glucose < 70 mg/dL.

Severe hypoglycemia: Cognitive impairment requiring assistance.

❇️ Etiology

🔷Endogenous insulin overproduction

* Insulinoma, Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (NIPHS)

* Insulin secretagogues (Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides)

🔷Exogenous insulin administration

* Insulin overdose in diabetes mellitus patients

🔷Reactive hypoglycemia

* Postprandial (often after gastric surgery)

🔷Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia

* Inhibition of gluconeogenesis

🔷Critical illness

* Sepsis, hepatic/renal failure, adrenal insufficiency

❇️ Clinical Features

🔷Neurogenic Symptoms (Autonomic)

Sweating, tremor, palpitations, anxiety

🔷Neuroglycopenic Symptoms (CNS)

Confusion, irritability, blurred vision, seizures, loss of consciousness

❇️ Diagnosis

🔷Whipple’s Triad (classic criteria):

* Symptoms of hypoglycemia

* Blood glucose < 70 mg/dL

* Symptom resolution after glucose administration

🔷Labs:

* Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, sulfonylurea levels

* Insulinoma: ↑ Insulin, ↑ C-peptide, normal/high proinsulin

* Exogenous insulin use: ↑ Insulin, ↓ C-peptide

❇️ Management

🔷Acute Hypoglycemia

* Oral glucose (if conscious)

* IV dextrose (if unconscious)

* Glucagon IM if IV access unavailable

🔷Long-term Management

* Treat underlying cause (e.g., remove insulinoma, adjust insulin dosing)

For appointment 03055621712

What Is Heart Disease?
When people talk about heart disease, they’re usually talking about coronary heart disease (CHD). It’s also sometimes called coronary artery disease (CAD). This is the most common type of heart disease.

When someone has CHD, the coronary arteries (tubes) that take blood to the heart are narrow or blocked, which makes it hard for oxygen-rich blood to get to the heart. This happens when cholesterol and fatty material, called plaque, build up inside the arteries.

Several things can lead to plaque building up inside your arteries, including:

Too much cholesterol in the blood
High blood pressure
Smoking
Too much sugar in the blood because of diabetes
When plaque blocks an artery, it’s hard for blood to flow to the heart. A blocked artery can cause chest pain or a heart attack

To help prevent heart disease, you can:

Eat a heart-healthy diet
Get active
Stay at a healthy weight
Quit smoking and stay away from secondhand smoke

Control your cholesterol, blood glucose (sugar), and blood pressure
Manage stress
Get enough sleep

Most people who get dengue won’t have symptoms. But for those that do, the most common symptoms are high fever, headache, body aches, nausea and rash. Most will also get better in 1–2 weeks. Some people develop severe dengue and need care in a hospital.
In severe cases, dengue can be fatal.
You can lower your risk of dengue by avoiding mosquito bites especially during the day.
Dengue is treated with pain medicine( panadol ), I/v fluids symptomatic treatment as there is no specific treatment currently.

Umer medical center
03055621712

Umer medical center · J4F3+JGM, Al Noor Colony, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan 5.0 ★ · Medical Center