08/07/2026
150 Years Ago . . .
The 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence’s adoption was being commemorated with a Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia from May 10 to November 10, 1876. Formally known as the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, it essentially was the first official world's fair held in the U.S.
Kansas – just 15 years old and eager to prove itself – was the first state to select ground for a state exhibition building. Kansas shared its building with Colorado – known as the “The Centennial State” because it was established as a state on August 1, 1876 – and with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, which paid one-tenth of the building’s cost.
Vinland’s well-known nurseryman, William E. Barnes, was one of three men appointed state superintendents charged with the “collection of grains, grasses, vegetables and fruits” for exhibition in the Kansas and Colorado building.
The Kansas Tribune wrote: “No better man than Mr. B. could be selected for this position. About the oldest nurseryman in Kansas, he is thoroughly conversant with all varieties of fruit which he can name on sight. This exhibit will prove a magnificent advertisement for the State, and in combination with our previous show, must result in determining a large immigration and amount of capital hither.”
On July 20, The Kansas Tribune reported that Barnes was “now busily engaged in performing the duties assigned to him.” He soon employed Thomas B. Smith, ex-county clerk, as his right-hand man. The Lawrence Daily Journal reported on August 2: “Mr. Smith has been over a good number of the fifteen counties in the district and having ‘prepared the way,’ he now returns home to open a headquarter, and begin the receipt of specimens and samples as fast as they may choose to come in. The headquarters are located one door south of Mason’s shoe store on Massachusetts street. Considerable numbers of contributions have already been received from Johnson, Cherokee and Douglas counties and more will now come in daily. This is the time for grasses and grains; fruits, etc., will come in a little later. We trust all our citizens will aid the gentlemen above named as far as possible in their good work.”
On August 24, The Lawrence Daily Journal reported: “Now, while it is calculated that as a whole Kansas shall eclipse and astonish the world, persons examining the display with an eye to immigration will compare critically and closely the different counties and localities both as to special products and a general average. Considering this fact it becomes of the greatest importance that Douglas county shall do “her level best.” Every shock of wheat, every telegraph-pole-like cornstalk, every tenement house pumpkin, every two-pound apple will count, and, though not exactly thrown upon the water, will return next fall in an immense tide of immigration. From this, the county making the best display, will derive the greatest benefit.
Fine collections of wheat, barley, rye, oats, clover, alfalfa, millet, h**p, flax and grass may be seen at the depot on Massachusetts street, next to Mason’s shoe store.
Let our farmers wake up. This is the first duty of the hour. To be sure plowing and cultivating are pressing, but no time will pay better than that spent in collecting samples of the best farm products and sending them in for shipment. God is now restoring to us the “years which the locust hath eaten,” and we should do ourselves justice before the world.”
The Kansas Tribune on August 31 reported: “W.E. Barnes, Centennial Commissioner for gathering specimens to forward to Philadelphia, was in the city yesterday prosecuting his work in that connection. He is greatly pleased with the admirable character of the specimens they are gathering. Some of the apples in particular are very fine.
Specimens will be gladly received at the store on Massachusetts street, and will be assorted and packed for transportation. They should be all in by Saturday next. They will be forwarded hence to Topeka where a car load will be made up and will be forwarded, accompanied by Commissioner Barnes about the 5th proximo.
On September 5, The Lawrence Daily Journal reported: “All was bustle and excitement about the Centennial depot yesterday. Commissioner Barnes and his assistants were very busy packing, labeling marketing and recording. Up to the last minute contributions were received, but finally, at about five o’clock, the last apple, the last ear of corn, and the last tomato were tied up and shipped for the show. The great world will have its ears, mouth and eyes wide open all the time the Kansas products are on exhibition.”
The Kansas Spirit reported on September 7 that: “Wm. E. Barnes left for Philadelphia yesterday with a collection of Kansas products for exhibition.”
The thousands who visited the Kansas building were wowed by the variety of crops on display. The two most spectacular displays were replicas of the U.S. Capitol dome and a Liberty Bell. The Capitol dome – 19 feet tall and more than 8 feet in diameter – was completely covered with apples. The Liberty Bell, made of broom corn, millet and stalks of wheat, was more than 8 feet high and nearly 9 feet in diameter with a clapper made from a gourd that was 8 feet in diameter.
Kansas earned national praise from major newspapers for having one of the most artistically prepared and impressive state displays. Philadelphia's The Times declared Kansas "The State That Showed the Best.”
The Kansas City Times wrote: “It is perfectly safe to say that no one feature of the Centennial has called out more genuine surprise or has bestowed upon it more enthusiastic praise that the Kansas exhibit . . . In a single stroke Kansas has lifted herself head and shoulders above every State here represented, no other State exhibition being worthy of mentioning on the same day.”