10/09/2026
Picking up from the last part of our series on highway history, let's take a look at the beginning of our state road system. VDOT (Virginia Department of Transportation) traces its origins to the creation of the State Highway Commission in 1906. Its mission was to construct an improved highway system in the state, primarily by aiding and supporting the local county road authorities. The commissioner and staff were required to be civil engineers with road building experience. Funding was provided by a 3 cents a gallon gasoline tax. Federal funding began to play a significant part after the 1916 Federal Aid Road Act.
This piecemeal effort continued until after World War I, when the Highway Commission adopted a new plan to construct and surface a numbered state road system beginning in 1919. There would be 22 numbered routes totaling 4,007 miles. The largest single-route portion would be VA 10, running 500 miles east-west from Virginia Beach to Russell County. A new Department of Highways was created in 1927 to manage the expanding system, with the commission becoming more of an advisory body.
VA Route 1 initially ran through eastern Prince William, coming down to Occoquan, crossing the bridge there, before snaking through Woodbridge and Dumfries along old county roads. South of Dumfries the Chopawamsic swamp area was one of the first paved road projects in the state, on top of earlier improvements. It was renamed VA 31 in 1923, lasting until 1933 when the signs were taken down from US 1, its replacement. Being moved away from Occoquan after completion of the US 1 bridge left behind VA 315 as a local link, which became part of VA 25, then VA 9, then VA 123 until the collapse of the old Occoquan iron bridge during Hurricane Agnes in 1972.
On the west end of the county, VA 21 was the other original state route running into the county from Warrenton via Buckland and Manassas. This would eventually become US 211, then US 29, on its rerouting that bypassed Manassas in 1924. Manassas continued to be accessed via (confusingly) VA 211 until it was renumbered to VA 28 in 1926.
This state Primary Highway system was in flux throughout the 1920s and 1930s as it expanded, eventually taking over most local road systems, applying a statewide numbering system. The Highway Commission published its first map for the public in 1922, something that VDOT continues to do today.
Image Caption: 1924 Highway shield of VA 211, today mostly Route 28. Public domain image made by NE2.