U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, TX

"Enemies among Us: The Relocation, Internment, and Repatriation of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans during the Second World War," by John E. Schmitz (1 August 2021) Available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble and Walmart.

Note: The author, John E. Schmitz, is the son of John A. Schmitz, former internee of U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, TX, along with Crista Schmitz, Aunt, and William Schmitz (Uncle). John’s father, former internee Art Jacobs and numerous other internees were major contributors to this book. John was conferred his PhD of History at the American University and is now Professor of History at Northern Virginia Community College, Annandale campus.

Recent decades have drawn more attention to the United States’ treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Few people realize, however, the extent of the country’s relocation, internment, and repatriation of German and Italian Americans, who were interned in greater numbers than Japanese Americans. The United States also assisted other countries, especially in Latin America, in expelling “dangerous” aliens, primarily Germans.

In Enemies among Us John E. Schmitz examines the causes, conditions, and consequences of America’s selective relocation and internment of its own citizens and enemy aliens, as well as the effects of internment on those who experienced it. Looking at German, Italian, and Japanese Americans, Schmitz analyzes the similarities in the U.S. government’s procedures for those they perceived to be domestic and hemispheric threats, revealing the consistencies in the government’s treatment of these groups, regardless of race.

Reframing wartime relocation and internment through a broader chronological perspective and considering policies in the wider Western Hemisphere, Enemies among Us provides new conclusions as to why the United States relocated, interned, and repatriated both aliens and citizens considered enemies.

Here is a picture of the Haase family while inside the U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, TX. The entire Haase family, then residents of Nicaragua, was rounded up and incarceration, as were all other German families in South America. The Haase family then joined all other German families of South America and shipped to United States. The youngest in this picture - Erlinda Haase - was born in this camp. Soon after this picture was taken, the Haase family was “repatriated” to Germany.

A pair of American born siblings, confined during WWII in the infamous U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, TX, labeled by the U.S. government as “Alien Enemy.” And the youngest of two was born into internment.

https://www.foitimes.com/CampHousing.pdf

www.foitimes.com

https://lsupress.org/books/detail/port-of-no-return/

Port of No Return While most people are aware of the World War II internment of thousands of Japanese citizens and residents of the United States, few know that Germans, Austrians, and Italians were also apprehended and held in internment camps under the terms of the Enemy Alien Control Program. Port of No Return tel...

“Freedom in Exchange for Barbed Wire” — German-American Internment Camps Micro Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwNprIgGkEQ

Adriana Rodriguez, student of St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX. (15 March 2021)

"Freedom in exchange for Barbed Wire" -- German-American Internment Camps Micro documentary.

“Peace Garden.”
An article by Cari Clark of Tribeza, San Antonio, TX.

Childhood Reflections on the Famed Isamu Taniguchi Japanese Garden - Tribeza Cari Clark reveals the heartfelt history of the man behind the beloved Isamu Taniguchi Japanese Garden in Zilker Botanical Garden. Born in Japan in 1897...

In reparations to Japanese who survived internment during WWII, the U.S. government paid $20,000 in 1988 (equivalent to $43,000 in 2019). If this bill is passed, how much will Californians pay out to the Japanese survivors?

California to apologize for internment of Japanese Americans California legislators are expected to pass a resolution condemning the state’s role in the U.S. government’s internment of 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II.

Two former internees, Trudy Werner and Nancy Oda, celebratIng reunion in November 2019. After more than 50 years since internment in U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, TX, Trudy and Nancy met for the first time on the very grounds of their confinement. Both Trudy and Nancy were American born children; Trudy of German decent originally from New York City and Nancy, of Japanese origin, born in Tule Lake Segregation Camp, CA.

https://nancyjensen.org/

Nancy Jensen - Author Author of The Sisters

https://www.rafu.com/2019/11/through-the-fire-crystal-city-camp-u-crystal-city-camp-u-yo/

THROUGH THE FIRE: Crystal City Camp-u, Crystal City Camp-u yo THROUGH THE FIRE: Crystal City Camp-u, Crystal City Camp-u yo 0 Posted On November 21, 2019 Columnists By SHARON YAMATO No one knew the lyrics of the Crystal City song at first, but that didn’t seem to matter. When roughly 180 pilgrims gathered in the large meeting room at San Antonio’s La Quint...