10/09/2026
in 1776, the Revolution came to Kingsbridge.
From the diary of Frederick Mackenzie, of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers: “At half past 7 in the morning The Phoenix, Roebuck, and Tartar, weighed anchor, and having the advantage of the flood tide, and a brisk Southerly wind, stood up the North River … As soon as the Rebels perceived them under way, they beat to arms and manned all their batteries on each side of the River. About 8 o'clock they began to fire very briskly at the Ships from both sides, but particularly from the batteries near Kingsbridge and immediately opposite…”
Pictured here are the three British warships described by Mackenzie. As his diary reports, on October 9th, 1776, these ships travelled north up the Hudson, running the gauntlet of American batteries lining both shores. The maneuver was part of the British campaign to gain control of the river and disrupt the Continental Army’s communications and supply chains. For local communities, the war was no longer something happening elsewhere. British warships were now exchanging fire with American cannon just a few miles from the Van Cortlandt estate.
HMS Phoenix played another, rather unusual role in the British war effort; in January 1776, George and John Folliott are alleged to have begun manufacturing counterfeit Continental Currency on board the ship. The forged banknotes were intended to circulate throughout the rebellious colonies and thereby increase inflation — one component of a broader British strategy of economic warfare. Benjamin Franklin would later write: "The artists they employed performed so well, that immense quantities of these counterfeits, which issued from the British government in New York, were circulated among the inhabitants of all the States, before the fraud was detected."
The events of October 9th offer a reminder that the American Revolution was fought on many fronts, with cannon and currency alike serving as weapons of war.
Image: Forcing a passage of the Hudson River, 9 October 1776, Thomas Mitchell after Dominic Serres, unknown date (Royal Museums Greenwich).