09/22/2026
DRY MOUTH –WHAT IS IT and HOW TO PREVENT IT
What is Dry Mouth?
Dry mouth is a result of decreased saliva in the mouth. This will cause a person’s mouth to not feel moist often-experiencing stickiness of the mouth, trouble swallowing, burning sensation, cracked lips, mouth sores, reduced ability to swallow and taste things, metallic taste in the mouth and frequent bad breath.¹
What causes Dry Mouth?
Everyone has four sets of salivary glands in their mouth. Three of these produce the majority of the saliva needed for daily function. These glands if not functioning properly cause Xerostomia (dry mouth). There are three main factors that may cause persons with special needs to experience dry mouth regularly.²
• Medications
• Disease
• Smoking
Medications – This is the most frequent cause of dry mouth. Surgeon General’s Report on Oral Health in America states that there are over 400 over-the-counter and prescription medications that contribute to or worsen dry mouth. The most common of these medications has an anticholinergic property, i.e. antidepressants, antihistamines, antihypertensive, and antiseizures. Pain medications, decongestants, diuretics, muscle relaxants and antidepressants also have hyposalivation properties. Patients that take any combination of these drugs are likely to be at a higher risk for dry mouth.²
Disease – Sjorgren disease is the second most common connective tissue autoimmune disease. It is a systemic condition affecting any body organ or system but primarily affects the mouth and eyes causing dryness. Patients with other diseases; rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, hypertension and diabetes can occur in addition to Sjorgrens.²
Smoking – The use of ci******es, pipes and ci**rs are not necessarily direct reasons for dry mouth but can aggravate symptoms. Smoking slows down saliva production, mix this with alcohol and one has a concoction of dry mouth and bad breath.
Why is Dry Mouth damaging?
Cavities thrive in an acidic environment. Saliva is a natural PH balancer in our mouth so without it, the acidity level increases. Making cavities more common. Patients with dry mouth may often get painful mouth sores in and outside of their mouth.² Keeping up with oral home care also becomes difficult. In a dry mouth environment, plaque becomes very sticky and difficult to remove; this can cause gingivitis and possibly eventually periodontitis.
How to prevent/help Dry Mouth?
• Sip water often throughout the day.
• Chew sugar free gum or suck on sugar free candy.
• Use dry mouth products such as Biotene rinse or ACT rinse. As well, use a fluoride toothpaste to help with remineralization of the teeth.
• If smoking, STOP!
• Avoid, salty, spicy, sticky and sugary foods.
• Maintain regular dental visits and excellent oral home care.
Created by Whitney Haley, BASDH
1. What is Dry Mouth?. (2010). http://www.colgate.com/en/us/oc/oral-health/conditions/dry-mouth/article/what-is-dry-mouth
2. Xerostomia (Dry Mouth). (2016). http://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/xerostomia
This page presents a summary of information on xerostomia (the subjective sensation of dry mouth), which is a common complaint among dental patients, particularly older individuals. This page also features a report from the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs on the clinical characteristics and manage...